康熙中后期外海风帆战船修造制度初探  

A Preliminary Study on Shipbuilding System for Ocean⁃going Sailing Warships in Middle and Late Kangxi Period

作　　者：王宏斌[1] Wang Hongbin(Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710062)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学人文社会科学高等研究院,陕西西安710062

出　　处：《军事历史研究》2024年第3期37-45,共9页Military History Research

摘　　要：统一台湾战争结束之后,清廷在沿海各省布置了一条水陆相维的海防线,设立了大量水师,并装备了1700余只战船。为了确保战船正常服役,又建造了14个战船修造厂和1个修理厂。为了使战船厂按照质量和数量完成分配的修造任务,康熙朝君臣经过反复讨论,制定了一套颇为严密的修造制度。它不仅确定了文官“知府”“道台”负责修造,“副将”“参将”监修的体制,而且规定了战船两种修造限期;不仅确定了中央财政划拨的经费,而且规定了各省配套经费,以防贪污、浮冒等弊端发生。康熙朝战船修造制度的优点在于对战船修造实行弹性报销办法,“察访时价,量度估计”,而且“造价”足敷应用,有利于保持战船修造的质量;缺点在于各种规定相对比较粗疏,存在各种漏洞,有待修订和完善。Following the conclusion of the Taiwan Unification War,the Qing imperial court established a comprehensive coastal defense strategy by deploying a significant number of naval forces across various provinces,complemented by the provision of over 1,700 warships.To ensure the operational readiness of these vessels,14 shipbuilding yards and 1 repair shop were constructed.In order to fulfill the assigned shipbuilding quotas with both quality and quantity,the emperor and his officials devised a highly structured system.This system stipulated that such civil officials as“Zhifu”and“Daotai”were to oversee shipbuilding operations,with military officers such as“Fujiang”and“Canjiang”responsible for supervision of ship repairs.Furthermore,two categories of construction deadlines were established,alongside budgetary allocations from the central finance and matching funds for local provinces,designed to curtail corruption and other undesirable practices.The merits of this system involved a flexible reimbursement mechanism based on actual costs,ensuring that“the price is estimated and adjusted during inspection”.However,the system also had its shortcomings,particularly in the vagueness of certain regulations,leaving room for loopholes requiring further refinement.

关 键 词：康熙中后期 外海风帆战船 战船修造厂 修造制度 造价 

分 类 号：K249.2[历史地理—历史学] E292[历史地理—中国史]