面向海量数据的集成化DNA存储系统  

Integrated DNA storage system for massive digital data

作　　者：魏亚男 刘倩[1,2,3] 齐浩[1,2,3] WEI Yanan;LIU Qian;QI Hao(School of Chemical Engineering and Technology,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300350,China;Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of Ministry of Education,Syn Bio Research Platform,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300350,China;Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300350,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学化工学院,天津300350 [2]系统生物工程教育部重点实验室,天津300350 [3]天津大学化工协同创新中心合成生物学平台,天津300350

出　　处：《化学工业与工程》2025年第1期173-182,共10页Chemical Industry and Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划重点专项(2020YFA0712104)资助专项

摘　　要：随着大数据时代的到来,全球数据总量爆炸式增长。由于理论储存密度极高、保存时间长等天然优势,DNA被认为可以对海量数据提供稳定、低成本的存储。自概念提出以来,DNA存储技术在编解码算法、数据恢复及重复性读取等核心方面取得进展。但难以想象基于生物分子DNA的信息存储技术如何实现大规模、稳定的数字信息存储,任何报道的DNA信息存储原型系统的存储能力都与实际信息存储需求间存在巨大鸿沟。因此,DNA分子实现实用信息存储,除了需要解决最为核心的合成成本问题外,仍缺乏对存储不同文件的DNA进行稳定保存及高度集成的技术,并且面临海量数据存储时,需要为DNA文库设计适当索引实现特定文件检索,以及存在DNA生物分子存储设备如何与现有电子系统对接等问题。聚焦保存方式对DNA的物理存储密度和文件检索方式的影响,并介绍了文件检索方式以及自动化设备的开发的研究进展,以期促进物理存储密度高、文件选择性检索便捷的集成化DNA存储系统的开发,从而促进DNA数据存储的商业应用。With the advent of the big data era,the total amount of digital data generated in the world has grown explosively.Due to the natural advantages of extremely high theoretical storage density and long storage time,DNA is considered to provide stable and low-cost storage for massive data.Since the concept was proposed,DNA storage technology has made progress in core aspects such as encoding and decoding algorithms,data recovery and repetitive reading.However,it is still difficult to imagine how the information storage technology based on biomolecular DNA can realize large-scale and stable digital information storage.There is a huge gap between the storage capacity of any reported DNA information storage prototype system and the actual information storage demand.Therefore,in order to realize practical information storage of DNA molecules,in addition to solving the problem of core synthesis cost,there is still a lack of technology for stable preservation and high integration of DNA stored in different files,and when faced with massive data storage,it is necessary to design appropriate indexes for DNA libraries to achieve specific file retrieval,and how to interface with existing electronic systems for DNA biomolecule storage devices.This review focuses on the impact of storage methods on the physical storage density of DNA and file retrieval methods,and introduces the methods of file retrieval and research progress in the development of automated equipment,in order to promote DNA with high physical storage density and convenient file selective retrieval and development of storage systems to facilitate commercial applications of integrated DNA data storage.

关 键 词：DNA信息存储 数据检索 设备集成 DNA保存 保存介质 

分 类 号：Q811.4[生物学—生物工程] TP333[自动化与计算机技术—计算机系统结构]