The Role of Prosody in Shaping Sinitic Morphology:Two Case Studies  

论汉语的韵律对形态演变的影响:两个案例研究

作　　者：Giorgio Francesco Arcodia 马振国(威尼斯大学亚洲与北非研究学院)

机构地区：[1]Department of Asian and North African Studies,Ca’Foscari University of Venice

出　　处：《韵律语法研究》2023年第2期5-46,共42页Studies in Prosodic Grammar

摘　　要：In this paper,we discuss two case studies on how prosody has conditioned the evolution of morphology in Mandarin as well as in other Sinitic languages.After a concise overview of Feng’s(1997,1998,2001,2018,inter alia)application of the principles of Prosodic Morphology to Mandarin,we shall discuss two issues in the diachronic development of Chinese/Sinitic morphology:the creation and development of derivation-like elements;particularly prefixes/prefixoids(Arcodia,2012,2023);and phenomena of reduced/nonconcatenative morphology in Northern Chinese dialects(Arcodia,2013,2015,2021;Lamarre,2015;Lamarre&Ōta,2017).We shall argue that prefixlike items,despite being generally considered to be morphological constituents,actually seem to follow the prosodic pattern of phrases,i.e.right-to-left footing.We shall also show that grammatical morphemes may undergo strong reduction in a large number of Mandarin and Jin dialects(Arcodia,2021),and this may lead to cumulative,nonconcatenative exponence,thus constituting a possible counterexample to Feng’s(2018)‘Morphosyllabic Constraint’.We shall argue that this is made possible by some prosodic characteristics of Northern dialects which are not commonly found e.g.in Southern Sinitic:mostly,the presence of stress and of the neutral tone.韵律形态学早已引起了汉语语言学界的关注,研究成果很丰富。在本文中,为了进一步了解韵律对汉语形态演变的影响,我们将以韵律形态学为理论框架研究两个案例。基于冯胜利(1997,1998,2001,2018)的理论体系,我们讨论的第一个案例为汉语派生构词法现象的产生与发展,尤其是类前缀的演变(Arcodia,2012,2023);第二个案例为中国北方方言中的儿化、变调、变韵等非连接形态现象(Arcodia,2013,2015,2021;Lamarre,2015;Lamarre&ōta,2017)。本文认为,类似前缀的语言成分,虽然一般被视为形态成分,但它们按照句法式左向音步而造词。本文还认为,北方方言的非连接形态现象里包括并合语素,即一个音节表达两种不同的意思,这种并合语素违反冯胜利(2018)提出的“Morphosyllabic Constraint”(语素音节限制)。这种特殊的形态现象只存在于一些北方方言中,这是因为官话与晋语都有重音与轻声音节,而粤语等南方汉语方言则没有。

关 键 词：MANDARIN JIN Sinitic DERIVATION GRAMMATICALIZATION phonetic reduction PROSODY 

分 类 号：H116[语言文字—汉语] H136H146