西汉乐府三言诗体节律研究  

On the Prosody of Trisyllabic Meter in Western Han Yuefu Poems

作　　者：吴忆南 Wu Yinan(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Shanxi University)

机构地区：[1]山西大学文学院

出　　处：《韵律语法研究》2023年第2期103-125,共23页Studies in Prosodic Grammar

摘　　要：本文通过分析西汉乐府诗的具体文本,认为三言诗体的创造是西汉乐府诗律的核心,解析三言诗的构体手段须从单、双音节音步的组配及[1+2]、[2+1]两类三言句的相对与重复入手。在把握四言、三言、四三言诗体的基础上探明西汉郊祀歌、铙歌中杂言诗的底层韵律结构,并据此讨论汉乐府诗的节律美感与语体艺术。On the basis of textual analysis,the author suggests that the trisyllabic meter(三言诗体)forms the core of the prosody of Western Han Yuefu poems(乐府诗).The metrical structure of trisyllabic versification can be explained through the following two points:1.The combination of monosyllabic and disyllabic feet,which can be formalized as:(“L”stands for line,“F”for foot,“σ”for syllable,and“~”for prolongation)Type A:[1+2]L(F(练~)F(时日))Type B:[2+1]L(F(天马)F(徕~))2.The alternation and repetition of two types of trisyllabic lines:A[1+2]and B[2+1].For instance:Context Syllable counting Foot type representation练时日,侯有望,12,12 AA爇䒿萧,延四方。12,12 AA九重开,灵之斿,21,21 BB垂惠恩,鸿祜休。12,12 AA灵之车,结玄云,21,12 BA驾飞龙,羽旄纷。12,21 ABMoreover,the generalization of tetrasyllabic,trisyllabic,tetra-/trisyllabic poems sheds light on the underlying prosodic structure of the so-called mixed-length poems(杂言诗)in suburban imperial sacrificial songs(郊祀歌)and martial songs(铙歌).Non-metrical sentences(非律句)and functional categories of prosody(韵律功能词)shall be taken into account,hence the underlying structure of mixed-length poems like A Pledge(《上邪》)can be scanned metrically as:Prologue:上邪,我欲与君相知,长命无绝衰。Verse:山无陵,江水为竭,12,22冬雷震震,夏雨雪,22,12天地合,乃敢与君绝。21,21 Following the suggested generative analysis,therefore,both metrical aesthetic and stylistic-register effect could be discovered.

关 键 词：西汉乐府 三言诗体 杂言诗 底层韵律结构 语体艺术 

分 类 号：I207.22[文学—中国文学] K234.1[历史地理—历史学]