1971年印巴战争中印度的军政关系  

India's Civil Military Relations during Indo-Pakistani War of 1971

作　　者：魏涵 Wei Han(School of International Studies,Nanjing University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210023)

机构地区：[1]南京大学国际关系学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《军事历史研究》2024年第4期94-102,共9页Military History Research

摘　　要：作为尼赫鲁之后印度执政时间最长的总理,英迪拉·甘地从执政初期的弱势总理逐渐成长为独揽党政大权的强势总理,其任内的军政关系也从初期的弱文官控制型发展为中后期的强文官控制型。1971年印巴战争期间,印度的军政互动达到了其独立以来最有效率的状态:在开战问题上,文官政府决定了是否开战及作战目标,军队则确定了开战时间点;在作战过程中,军政官员保持着密切沟通,及时调整作战计划,但军种协调问题仍旧凸显;在停战问题上,文官政府综合国内和国际政治因素,主导停战决策。整个战争期间,印度军政双方在战略问题上大体保持一致,且沟通顺畅、配合有序,加上军力优势明显,为战争的胜利创造了有利条件。As the longest-ruling prime minister of India after Nehru,Indira Gandhi grew from a relatively weak leader in her early tenure into a powerful figure monopolizing both on party and government affairs,with the civil-military relations of her administration developing from the pattern of weak civilian control in the early phase into one of strong civilian dominance in the later period.During the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971,India's civil-military interactions came to the most efficient stage since independence:at the start of the war,the civilian government decided whether to go to war and set the operational objectives,while the military decided the timing of the offensive;throughout the conflict,the civil and military officials maintained close communication,making timely adjustments to operational plans,though the problem of inter-service coordination still persisted;on the issue of armistice,the civilian government synthesized the domestic and international political factors and took the lead in decision-making.During the entire war,the civil and military authorities generally aligned on strategic issues,communicated effectively and collaborated efficiently.These factors,coupled with India's clear military advantage,created favorable conditions for its victory in the war.

关 键 词：英迪拉·甘地 军政关系 文官控制 1971年印巴战争 东巴基斯坦 

分 类 号：K35[历史地理—历史学] E19[历史地理—世界史]