二战时期德、美对苏日“中立”关系的应对——以德国“先苏后英”战略与美国“先德后日”战略为中心  

Responses of Germany and United States to Soviet-Japanese“Neutrality”——A Study Centered on Germany's“Soviet First,Britain Second”Strategy and US's“Germany First,Japan Second”Strategy

作　　者：蒋清宏[1] Jiang Qinghong(Institute of Modern History,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100101)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院近代史研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《军事历史研究》2024年第4期82-93,共12页Military History Research

摘　　要：第二次世界大战是以英美苏中同盟集团与德意日“轴心国”集团整体对抗为特征的现代化战争。然而,在两大同盟体系内,日本对苏德战争保持了长达6年的“中立”关系,苏联对日美战争保持了长达4年的“中立关系”。德国基于“先苏后英”战略、美国基于“先德后日”战略对苏日中立关系的不同认知以及相应决策,成功地解释了苏日中立关系长期维持的原因,也成为理解第二次世界大战历史进程和最终结果的重要视角,进而有助于理解苏日“中立”关系对中国抗日战争进程的重要影响。The Second World War was a modern war characterized by an overall confrontation between the Allied powers comprising the United Kingdom,the United States,the Soviet Union and China and the Axis powers led by Germany,Italy,and Japan.However,within the two major groups,Japan maintained a six-year“neutrality”relationship in the Soviet-German War,and the Soviet Union remained“neutral”in the Japanese-American War for four years.Germany's“Soviet First,Britain Second”strategic approach and US's“Germany First,Japan Second”strategy shaped their differing perspectives and policies regarding the Soviet-Japanese neutrality.These strategies provided a compelling explanation for the long-term maintenance of Soviet-Japanese neutrality,and they offer an important perspective for understanding the historical process and ultimate result of World War II.Furthermore,they shed light on the impact of Soviet-Japanese“neutrality”on the progress of China's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression.

关 键 词：苏德战争 “先苏后英”战略 “先德后日”战略 收复缅甸战役 

分 类 号：K15[历史地理—历史学] E19[历史地理—世界史]