全面抗战时期国民政府统筹战时水陆运输的尝试与局限——以水陆运输联合委员会为中心的考察  

National Government's Attempts and Limitations in Coordinating Wartime Transport during War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression——A Study Centered on Joint Land and Water Transport Committee

作　　者：杨向昆 Yang Xiangkun(School of Marxism,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou,Henan 450001)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学马克思主义学院,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《军事历史研究》2024年第4期46-56,共11页Military History Research

基　　金：2023年国家社会科学基金青年项目“国家治理视域下民国交通联运协同机制研究”(23CZS068);2021年河南省哲学社会科学规划年度项目“抗战时期水陆联运机制研究”(2021CLS028)

摘　　要：全面抗战开始后,国民政府虽然对交通进行了调整,但依然面临机构膨胀、沟通不畅、运输效率低下等问题。随着时局日趋艰难,行政院院长孔祥熙和交通部部长张嘉璈都有意借鉴水陆联运思维,统筹战时运输。1938年1月,交通部水陆运输联合办事处成立,旨在提高交通运输效率。1939年1月,该办事处改组为水陆运输联合委员会,直接隶属行政院。水陆运输联合委员会在调查开辟新的运输线路、加强不同交通工具的配合和联络、援助各运输机关等方面作出一定贡献。但由于没能从根本上克服科层制的弊端,以及存在包揽权事过多、客观形势变化等原因,水陆运输联合委员会于1939年10月被撤销。After the outbreak of the full-scale War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression,the Nanjing National government made adjustments to its transportation system but continued to face challenges such as institutional expansion,communication and transportation inefficiency.As the situation became increasingly difficult,Executive Yuan President Kung Hsiang-his and Minister of Transport Chang Kia-ngau sought to adopt an integrated land-water transport model to manage wartime logistics.In January 1938,the Joint Land and Water Transport Office under the Ministry of Transport was established with the aim of improving transportation efficiency.In January 1939,the Joint Office was reorganized into the Joint Land and Water Transport Committee and was placed directly under the Executive Yuan.The Joint Committee made contributions in areas such as investigating and opening up new transportation routes,strengthening coordination and connection between different modes of transport,and assisting various transportation agencies.However,due to the failure to fundamentally overcome bureaucratic inefficiencies,excessive centralization of authority and changes in objective circumstances,the committee was disbanded in October of 1939.

关 键 词：全面抗战 水陆运输联合委员会 张嘉璈 抗战交通 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学] E295[历史地理—中国史]