明代“杀害军人”律例探析  

An Analysis of Legal Provisions on“Killing Military Personnel”in Ming Dynasty

作　　者：刘正刚[1] Liu Zhenggang(Department of History,Jinan University,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510632)

机构地区：[1]暨南大学历史学系,广东广州510632

出　　处：《军事历史研究》2024年第4期15-25,共11页Military History Research

基　　金：2023年国家社会科学基金重点项目“明代军事立法及其实践研究”(23AZS009)

摘　　要：明朝实行军人、民人二元管理体制,且优待军人,这在律例上也有体现。洪武朝颁布的《大明律》特设“杀害军人”律条,之后在实践中又有弘治、万历年间颁布《问刑条例》对之补充完善,细化出军人、民人杀害军人的不同处罚情形。杀害军人的犯人都要被处死刑,若军人无罪被杀,犯人户内还要出余丁充军,以填补军人被杀导致的军伍空缺。明代律学家对“杀害军人”律例的不断解读,使之在司法适用中便于操作,又经日用类书的传抄刊行,使该律例进一步为社会大众所知晓。明代杀害军人案多由文官系统审断,其判决并非以“杀害军人”律例为唯一依据,也会采纳《大明律》中的相应命案条款。The Ming Dynasty implemented a dual administrative system for military and civilian populations,with preferential treatment for military personnel,which was also reflected in its legal framework.DaMing Lü(the Great Ming Code),issued during the Hongwu reign,included specific statutes addressing“killing of military personnel”.These statutes were later supplemented and refined by Wenxing Tiaoli(the Interrogation Penal Regulations)issued during the Hongzhi and Wanli reigns,which detailed different penalties for cases involving civilians or military personnel killing military members.All perpetrators of such killings faced death penalty,and in cases where an innocent military member was killed,able-bodied male family members of the perpetrator had to be conscripted to compensate for the military loss.Legal scholars of the Ming Dynasty made constant interpretations of these statutes,facilitating their practical application in judicial processes;and with the transcription and dissemination of practical reference books,these statutes became widely known to the general public.Cases involving the killing of soldiers were mostly adjudicated by the civil administration,with judgments not solely based on relevant statutes but also incorporating corresponding clauses for homicide from the Great Ming Code.

关 键 词：明代 卫所 法律 杀害军人 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学] E292[历史地理—中国史]