论元代军人犯“常法”的司法管辖与实践  

Jurisdiction and Practice of“Common Law”Violation by Military Personnel in Yuan Dynasty

作　　者：周思成 Zhou Sicheng(Department of History,School of Humanities,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084)

机构地区：[1]清华大学人文学院历史系,北京100084

出　　处：《军事历史研究》2024年第4期1-14,共14页Military History Research

摘　　要：军队是元朝统治的一个关键部分,对军人的司法管辖也具有特殊性。自至元十年开始,朝廷先后颁布了一系列通例,逐渐明确了军人犯“常法”的基本司法管辖原则,以狱讼之轻重来决定军人自相犯案件由民政系统抑或军事系统审处,对蒙古军人犯罪给予特殊待遇,同时通过“约会”制来协调军民冲突造成的治理难题。这些规定基本能得到现存司法记录的证实,反映了元朝官方在司法公正、地方秩序和身份特权等多种考量之间实现平衡的尝试。以“集团主义”“行政一体化”等命题来概括元朝对军人的司法管辖,或许失之疏阔。The military was a crucial component of Yuan dynasty governance,and the jurisdiction of military personnel also carried distinct characteristics.Starting from the 10th year of Zhiyuan(1273),the imperial Yuan government promulgated a series of general regulations,gradually clarifying the principles for jurisdiction over military personnel violating“common law”,including determining whether cases among soldiers were to be adjudicated by the civil or military system based on severity of the offenses,granting special privileges to Mongol military personnel,and employing the“Yuehui(Coordination)System”to address challenges arising from civil-military conflicts.These provisions,largely corroborated by existing judicial records,reflect the attempts of Yuan officials to strike a balance between considerations of judicial fairness,local governance and status-based privileges.It may be a stretch to summarize Yuan's jurisdiction of military groups in terms of“group-oriented governance”and“administrative integration”.

关 键 词：元代 军人 “常法” 《元典章》 

分 类 号：K247[历史地理—历史学] E292[历史地理—中国史]