国际投资仲裁司法审查中的国家豁免适用问题——以《外国国家豁免法》第12条为中心  

作　　者：王彬 

机构地区：[1]首都经济贸易大学国际法学

出　　处：《商事仲裁与调解》2024年第6期107-125,共19页Commercial Arbitration & Mediation

基　　金：北京市社科基金青年项目“北京两区建设下境外仲裁机构准入的法治保障研究”(项目编号:21FXC014)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：在建设法治强国进程中,国家豁免是我国经济、外交和对外开放战略的关键性问题。国家采用何种豁免理论,关涉到国际投资仲裁裁决能否得到执行。2023年9月,我国颁布了《中华人民共和国外国国家豁免法》(以下简称《外国国家豁免法》),明确采用限制豁免原则,其中第12条作为例外条款之一,规定了法院对仲裁裁决的司法审查事项。国际投资仲裁作为国际投资争端的重要解决方式之一,其裁决的承认与执行经常受到国家豁免的阻碍。以《外国国家豁免法》第12条为中心,分析国际投资争端提交仲裁的裁决效力问题及其仲裁裁决司法审查问题的解决,均迫在眉睫。鉴于此,国家需要制定《外国国家豁免法》第12条仲裁例外条款的相关法律解释,维护国家司法主权及安全。对人民法院而言,需要在确认国家财产系非主权财产、投资行为系商业行为的基础上,对国际投资仲裁裁决予以承认和执行。同时,法官就仲裁裁决进行司法审查时,应谨慎运用自由裁量权,使仲裁裁决得以执行。In the process of building a strong country under on the rule of law,state immunity,as a key issue in China's economic,diplomatic and open-door strategy,adopts a theory of immunity that relates to whether or not international investment arbitration awards are enforced.In September 2023,China promulgated the Foreign State Immunity Law,which explicitly adopts the principle of restrictive immunity,of which Article 12 serves as one of the exception provisions.Article 12,as one of the exception clauses,mainly provides for the judicial review of arbitral awards by courts.As an important means of international investment dispute settlement-international investment arbitration,the recognition and enforcement of its awards will inevitably be hindered by state immunity.As a result,there is an urgent need to resolve the issue of judicial review of the validity of awards submitted to arbitration in international investment disputes,centering on Article 12 of the Foreign State Immunity Law.In view of this,the State needs to formulate relevant legal interpretations of the arbitration exception clause in Article 12 of the Foreign State Immunity Law in order to safeguard the judicial sovereignty and security of the State.As for the people's courts,they should recognize and enforce international investment arbitral awards on the basis of confirming that the property of the State is non-sovereign property and that the investment act is a commercial act;at the same time,judges should exercise their discretion carefully in judicial review of arbitral awards and enforce them.

关 键 词：《外国国家豁免法》 限制豁免 国际投资仲裁 司法审查 

分 类 号：D997.4[政治法律—国际法学] D996.4[政治法律—法学]