敦煌産育題材文學的傳承及其在喪葬習俗中的運用  

The Inheritance of Dunhuang Fertility Literature and its Application in Funeral Customs

作　　者：蔣勤儉 

机构地区：[1]雲南中醫藥大學

出　　处：《中国俗文化研究》2024年第1期27-43,共17页Studies on Folk Literature

基　　金：雲南省教育廳科學研究基金項目“社會醫療史視野下唐詩對疾病醫療的書寫”(2023J0572)階段性研究成果

摘　　要：敦煌産育文學園繞佛經中的十恩德,詳細鋪叙婦女懷胎生子的過程。這一題材後出現在唐宋以來的目連題材寶卷、戲曲、儺戲、孝歌、歌謡等中。本文共搜集整理了456例有關父母恩德題材的文獻,其中1例古藏文講經文、2例勸善書、5例寶卷、15例儺戲、39例戲曲、54例喪歌、9例哭嫁歌、331例歌謠。從唐代至今,這些作品廣泛流傳於甘、新、寧、青、陝、豫、冀、魯、晋、鄂、渝、蜀、皖、贛、湘、黔、滇、桂、粤、瓊、閩、浙、滬、京、津、遼、黑、吉28省市自治區,涉及漢族、回族、藏族、土家族、侗族、瑶族、白族、水族、苗族、畲族、朝鮮族、仫佬族等。唐宋以後的講唱文學繼承了敦煌産育文學通過宣講父母恩德、生子育兒的辛苦來勸導衆生行孝、報父母恩的書寫模式,並廣泛運用於喪葬場合以贊頌亡母的功德,達到祭祀亡人、超度亡魂、教化衆生的目的。Dunhuangfertility literature around the Buddhist sutra Shi-En-De details description of the mother's process of being pregnant and bearing children.This theme later appeared in the Tang and Song dynasties of the Mu-Lian themed scroll,drama,Nuo drama,filial songs,ballads and so on.According to incomplete statistics,this paper collected a total of 456 cases of the subject matter of parents'En-De literature,including 1 case of ancient Tibetan scriptures,2 cases of Morality Books,5 cases of Scroll,15 cases of Nuo opera,39 cases of opera,54 cases of funeral songs,9 cases of Ku-Jia songs,and 331 cases of ballads.These works span from the Tang Dynasty to the present,widely spread in 28 provinces and cities,such as Gansu,Xinjiang,Ningxia,Qinghai,Shaanxi,Henan,Hebei,Shandong,Shanxi,Hubei,Chongqing,Sichuan,Anhui,Jiangxi,Guangxi,Guizhou,Guangdong,Hainan,Fujian,Zhejiang,Shanghai,Beijing,Tianjin,Liaoning,Heilongjiang,and Jilin,involving Han,Hui,Zang,Tujia,Dong,Yao,Bai,Shui,Miao,She,Chaoxian,Mulao and other nationalities.After the Tang and Song dynasties,the singing literature inherited the writing mode of Dunhuang fertility literature to persuade sentient beings to perform filial piety and repay their parents'kindness by preaching their parents-kindness and their life of carrying babies and raising children,and was widely used in funeral to praise the merits of the dead mother,so as to offer sacrifices to the dead,surpas the souls of the dead and educate sentient beings.With the changes of the times,the fertility theme of funeral songs that were originally exclusive to women's funerals have gradually become common,and have gradually begun to be used in weddings to praise their parents-raising kindness and express their gratitude to their parentsand their reluctance on departing.

关 键 词：產育題材 十恩德 喪葬 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学] K892.22[历史地理—民俗学]