机场噪声控制的现状与挑战  

Status and challenges of airport noise abatement

作　　者：杨斌彬 王晓静 陈方舟 洪宁 YANG Bin-bin;WANG Xiao-jing;CHEN Fang-zhou;HONG Ning(Shenzhen Green Creating Promotion of Living Environment,Shenzhen,Guangdong 518028,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]深圳市绿创人居环境促进中心,广东深圳518028 [2]深圳时代融创生态科技有限公司

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2023年第4期367-375,共9页Journal of Environment and Health

基　　金：深圳市环境科研课题(SZDL2022000120)

摘　　要：机场噪声作为一个全球性问题,其对附近居民和生态环境的负面影响一直受到广泛关注。当前,机场噪声控制主要借助技术手段,例如发动机低噪技术、飞机结构优化减振,以及通过建设噪声屏障和隔音墙等物理设施来降低声级。此外,还可通过一系列管理措施,如优化飞行程序、实施噪声限值、配额和调整相关税负政策等实现减少噪声影响的目的。然而,目前机场噪声治理依然存在一些问题,例如,与城市规划脱节,相关法规政策支持不足,降噪措施手段较为单一等。鉴于当下民众对噪声影响越发重视,笔者综述了机场噪声的来源、影响、现有控制措施和存在问题,全面综合地阐述了机场噪声的解决方案,如加快相关标准和政策的出台、更新和升级飞机、优化飞行程序、建立声屏障、绿化带规划、建筑隔声设计、搬迁敏感设施、噪声监测以及搭建可让居民参与的噪声治理平台等,多手段协同治理实现声源控制和传播路径控制措施以降低噪声危害。今后应通过研发新技术与加强国际合作,不断提升机场噪声管理体系,更好地指导和服务航空产业,以期给机场噪声治理提供思路和借鉴。Airport noise,as a global issue,has received widespread attention due to its negative impact on nearby residents and the ecological environment.Currently,airport noise abatement mainly relies on technical measures such as low-noise engine technology,structural optimization and vibration reduction of aircraft,as well as the construction of physical facilities like noise barriers and soundproof walls to reduce sound levels.In addition,a series of management measures can be implemented to achieve the goal of reducing noise impact,including optimizing flight procedures,implementing noise limits,quotas,and adjusting relevant tax policies.However,there are still some issues in airport noise management,such as disconnection from urban planning,insufficient support from relevant laws and policies,and a relatively limited range of noise reduction measures.Given the increasing public concern about noise pollution,the present paper reviewed the sources,impacts,current controlling measures and existing issues related to airport noise.A comprehensive overview of solutions to airport noise was provided,including accelerating the introduction of relevant standards and policies,upgrading aircraft,optimizing flight procedures,establishing noise barriers,planning green belts,designing soundproof buildings,relocating sensitive facilities,implementing noise monitoring and creating platforms that allow public participation in noise management.The aim is to achieve coordinated noise control through multi-pronged approaches,addressing both noise sources and transmission pathways to reduce noise hazards.In the future,the focus should be on developing new technologies and enhancing international cooperation to continuously improve airport noise management systems,better guiding and serving the aviation industry and providing insights and references for airport noise management.

关 键 词：机场噪声 降噪技术 机场噪声标准 机场噪声管理体系 居民参与 

分 类 号：R128[医药卫生—环境卫生学]