尾矿库溃坝致土壤环境损害分析和修复研究  

Research on Environmental Damage and Restoration in Soil Polluted by Dam Break of Mine Tailings Pond

作　　者：洪慧 张强 杨霞 裴云霞 陆青 陈岷轩 HONG Hui;ZHANG Qiang;YANG Xia;PEI Yunxia;LU Qing;CHEN Minxuan(Eco-environmental Damage Judicial Expertise Center,Hubei Provincial Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China;Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollution Damage Assessment and Environmental Health Risk Prevention and Control,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省生态环境科学研究院生态环境损害司法鉴定中心,湖北武汉430072 [2]污染损害评估与环境健康风险防控湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2024年第S2期230-238,共9页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：湖北省级环保科研项目(2021HB-ZC11)

摘　　要：尾矿库溃坝事故往往会导致库区周边土壤的重金属污染,该文旨在探究尾矿库溃坝事故的重金属环境损害与修复问题,为保障区域生态环境提供科学依据。以某铜铁矿尾矿库溃坝事件为例,利用Arc GIS 10.8、stata 12等软件分析尾砂流经区域的土壤中Cu、Pb、As、Cd、Cr、Ni、Zn的污染特征,并结合重金属损害和污染风险的评价结果,确定后期修复的目标、区域、方案等。研究区土壤中重金属平均含量由高到低排序为Cu>Zn>Cr>Pb>As>Ni>Cd,Cu、Zn在西南部含量较高,Pb、Cr、Ni含量较高区域主要集中在东部,As主要分布评估区的北边,Cd在B层的北侧形成一个高Cd的污染晕,在C层的西侧有2个较高Cd含量的污染晕。研究区土壤环境已受到重金属损害,且As、Cd、Cu、Zn等指标的含量高于农用地土壤污染风险筛选值,超基线倍数最大的为点位DY02的B层土壤中的As,超基线倍数达11.2倍,已超过农用地土壤污染风险管制值。研究区土壤宜采取相关的修复措施将其修复至风险筛选值,修复区域包括面积约为269743.21 m^(2)的超风险筛选值区域和面积约为16960.33 m^(2)的超过风险管制值区域。The dam break accident of the tailings pond often makes the surrounding soil vulnerable to heavy metal pollution.It is of great significance to explore the heavy metal restoration problem of the dam break accident for maintaining the regional ecological security.Taking the copper-iron mine tailings dam breach event as an example,using ArcGIS 10.8,stata 12 and other software to analyze the pollution characteristics of Cu,Pb,As,Cd,Cr,Ni and Zn in the soil of the area where the tailings flow,combined with the evaluation results of heavy metal damage and pollution risks,the later restoration was determined.The results show that the average content of heavy metals in the soil of the study area is in the order of Cu>Zn>Cr>Pb>As>Ni>Cd.The content of Cu and Zn is higher in the southwest,the areas with high content of Pb,Cr,and Ni are mainly concentrated in the east,As is mainly distributed in the north of the evaluation area,and Cd forms a high Cd pollution halo in the north of the B layer.There are two contamination halos with higher Cd content on the western side of the layer.The soil environment has been damaged by heavy metals,and the contents of As,Cd,Cu,Zn and other indicators are higher than the soil pollution risk screening values of agricultural land.The multiple is 11.2,which has exceeded the soil pollution risk control value of agricultural land.Relevant remediation measures should be taken to restore the soil to the risk screening value.The remediation area includes an area exceeding the risk screening value of about 269743.21 m^(2) and an area exceeding the risk control value with an area of about 16960.33 m^(2).

关 键 词：尾矿库 土壤 重金属 环境损害 修复 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X751