基于PCA-AHP的综合地下水脆弱性模型及应用  

A Comprehensive Groundwater Vulnerability Model Based on PCA-AHP and Its Application

作　　者：彭倩 刘凡 周美春 凌晶 黄蕾[2] PENG Qian;LIU Fan;ZHOU Meichun;LING Jing;HUANG Lei(Jiangsu Zhongwu Environmental Protection Industry Development Co.,Ltd.,Changzhou 213200,China;State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Research,School of Environment,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏中吴环保产业发展有限公司,江苏常州213200 [2]南京大学环境学院,污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2024年第S2期67-74,共8页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1804001);江苏省科技计划项目(BE2022841)

摘　　要：地下水脆弱性评估是实际地下水污染防治中的有效技术,但传统的地下水脆弱性指标未能将人类活动纳入考虑范围。因此,该文提出构建综合地下水脆弱性,包括固有脆弱性和特殊脆弱性两个指标体系。固有脆弱性是传统的地下水脆弱性指标,特殊脆弱性引入区域主要地下水水质指标。利用主成分分析法确定主要水质指标,采用层次分析法计算各指标权重。应用上述办法,该研究以长江经济带某典型化工园区为例,分别计算了传统地下水脆弱性指数和综合脆弱性指数。结果表明,传统地下水脆弱性显著高于综合地下水脆弱性指数,且传统地下水脆弱性指数不具有空间异质性,与研究区域污染分布情况无法匹配。改进后的地下水脆弱性模型能更好地反映园区的真实地下水脆弱性水平,对园区管理可以提供更有效帮助,为生态环境保护和可持续发展提供科学支撑。Groundwater vulnerability assessment is an effective technique in actual groundwater pollution prevention and control,but traditional groundwater vulnerability indicators fail to take human activities into account.Therefore,this article proposes to construct a comprehensive groundwater vulnerability index system,which includes two systems:inherent vulnerability and special vulnerability.Inherent vulnerability is a traditional indicator of groundwater vulnerability,while special vulnerability is introduced as the main groundwater quality indicator in the study area.Determine the main water quality indicators using principal component analysis(PCA),and calculate the weights of each indicator using analytic hierarchy process(AHP).Using the above method,this study takes a typical chemical park in the Yangtze River Economic Belt as an example to calculate the traditional groundwater vulnerability index and comprehensive vulnerability index,respectively.The results indicate that the vulnerability of traditional groundwater is significantly higher than the comprehensive groundwater vulnerability index,and the traditional groundwater vulnerability index does not have spatial heterogeneity and cannot match the distribution of pollution in the study area.The improved groundwater vulnerability model can better reflect the true level of groundwater vulnerability in the park,provide more effective assistance for park management,and provide scientific support for ecological environment protection and sustainable development.

关 键 词：地下水 主成分分析 层次分析法 特殊脆弱性 脆弱性评估 

分 类 号：X523[环境科学与工程—环境工程]