主体功能区视角下国土空间格局演变及生态环境效应:以江西省为例  

Evolution of Land Spatial Pattern and Ecological Environment Effects from the Perspective of Main Functional Zones:A Case Study of Jiangxi Province

作　　者：甘晓辉 梁芳艳 朱健计 汤江龙[3] GAN Xiaohui;LIANG Fangyan;ZHU Jianji;TANG Jianglong(Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Land and Space Survey and Planning,Nanchang 330025,China;Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Natural Resources Surveying and Monitoring,Nanchang 330002,China;School of Surveying and Spatial Information Engineering,Donghua University of Technology,Nanchang 330013,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省国土空间调查规划研究院,江西南昌330025 [2]江西省自然资源测绘与监测院,江西南昌330002 [3]东华理工大学测绘与空间信息工程学院,江西南昌330013

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2024年第S2期26-37,共12页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41961032)

摘　　要：从主体功能区的角度分析国土空间格局的变化特征和生态环境效应,对构建合理有序的国土空间格局、保护生态环境具有现实意义。该文以江西省为例,利用3期土地利用数据,对比研究了江西省主体功能区规划发布前后(2000-2010年和2010-2020年)国土空间结构的变化,利用生态环境质量指数和生态贡献率对不同时期的生态环境效应进行了定量分析,结果如下:(1)与2000-2010年相比,2010-2020年江西省国土空间转换动态度下降,其空间集聚性减弱,国家级重点开发区域的高值集聚(H-H)区域占比由38.04%减少至30.94%。(2)2000-2010年江西省不同国土空间变化量的增减关系呈现显著的空间负相关性,2010-2020年其空间负相关性减弱,局部空间自相关区域在各主体功能区具有显著空间差异。(3)与2000-2010年相比,2010-2020年江西生态环境质量呈现上升趋势,生态环境质量提升区域面积增加,国家级重点开发区域的生态环境质量下降速度得到大幅减缓。(4)相比于2000-2010年,2010-2020年在生态环境正效应方面,各主体功能区导致生态环境质量提升的国土空间转换类型更加集中,其中农业生产空间向林地生态空间转变的贡献率提升;在生态环境负效应方面,主要是森林生态空间向农业生产空间、城镇生产空间转换。未来需进一步强化主体功能区对国土空间开发保护的宏观引领作用,通过“三区三线”策略来深化区域主体功能的定位,确保国土空间管理政策得到准确的实施。Analyzing the changing characteristics and ecological environmental effects of the national spatial pattern from the perspective of the main functional areas is of practical significance for constructing a reasonable and orderly national spatial pattern and protecting the ecological environment.The article takes Jiangxi Province as an example,using three phases of land use data,a comparative study was conducted on the changes in land spatial structure of Jiangxi Province before and after the release of the main functional area plan(2000-2010 and 2010-2020).The ecological environment quality index and ecological contribution rate were used to quantitatively analyze the ecological environment effects of different periods.The results are as follows:(1)Compared with 2000-2010,the dynamic degree of land spatial transformation in Jiangxi Province decreased from 2010 to 2020.Its spatial agglomeration has weakened,and the proportion of high-value agglomeration(H-H)areas in national key development areas has decreased from 38.04%to 30.94%.(2)The increase and decrease of spatial changes in different land types in Jiangxi Province showed a significant spatial negative correlation from 2000 to 2010.From 2010 to 2020,the spatial negative correlation weakened,and local spatial autocorrelation areas showed significant spatial differences in various functional areas.(3)Compared with the years 2000-2010,the ecological environment quality in Jiangxi Province showed an upward trend from 2010 to 2020,with an increase in the area for improving ecological environment quality and a significant slowdown in the decline rate of ecological environment quality in national key development areas.(4)Compared to the years 2000-2010,in terms of positive ecological effects from 2010 to 2020,the types of land spatial transformation that lead to the improvement of ecological environment quality in various functional areas are more concentrated.Among them,the contribution rate of the transformation from agricultural production space to forest ecolog

关 键 词：主体功能区 国土空间 格局演变 生态环境质量 江西省 

分 类 号：TU982.2[建筑科学—城市规划与设计] X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程]