广州市土壤有效态重金属污染及健康风险研究  

Research on Soil Effective Heavy Metal Pollution and Health Risks in Guangzhou

作　　者：邹子航 陈莲 张培珍 王雨菡 王振江[2,3] 林森 唐翠明 罗国庆[2,3] 钟建武 李智毅[2] 王圆 ZOU Zihang;CHEN Lian;ZHANG Peizhen;WANG Yuhan;WANG Zhenjiang;LIN Sen;TANG Cuiming;LUO Guoqing;ZHONG Jianwu;LI Zhiyi;WANG Yuan(College of Electronics and Information Engineering,Guangdong Ocean University,Zhanjiang 524088,China;Sericultura&Agricultural-food Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangzhou 510610,China;Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China,Ministry of Agriculture,Guangzhou 510610,China)

机构地区：[1]广东海洋大学电子与信息工程学院,广东湛江524088 [2]广东省农业科学院蚕业与农产品加工研究所,广东广州510610 [3]农业农村部华南都市农业重点实验室,广东广州510610

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2024年第S2期1-12,共12页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(42007379);广州市基础与应用基础研究项目(202201010672);广东省农业科学院“优秀博士”人才引进项目(R2021YJ-YB3007);广东省农业科学院青年导师制项目(R2020QD-044);国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-18-SYZ12);广东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队建设项目(2023KJ124);广东省自然科学基金-面上项目(2022A1515011067)

摘　　要：为更准确描述广州市土壤重金属污染特征、环境效应和潜在风险程度,该研究在广州市选取了210个样点采集土壤样品,采用单因子指数法、内梅罗综合指数法、潜在生态风险评估法、健康风险受体模型和蒙特卡洛法,对土壤重金属有效态的浓度特征、生态风险和健康风险进行研究,并结合生态风险评估结果和健康风险评估结果对各点位进行协同风险评估。结果表明:广东省土壤中Pb、Ni、Cu、Cr、Zn、Cd和As的有效态浓度平均值依次为13.66、3.64、17.92、1.74、51.77、0.22和0.38 mg/kg,Cd已超过广东省土壤背景值,各重金属均为强变异;除Cd为轻度污染外其余重金属均为较清洁,整体污染程度为轻度污染;Cr和As对土壤造成的潜在生态危害可忽略不计,Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn在部分样点存在不同程度的生态危害,Cd是广州市土壤重金属有效态主要的生态风险危害因子;经口摄入是重金属对儿童和成年造成健康危害最主要的方式,儿童受到的健康风险大于成年人,各重金属有效态均不会对儿童和成年人造成显著的健康风险,主要非致癌因子为Cu和Pb,主要致癌因子为Cd和As;广州市79%的样点潜在风险较小,20%的样点存在潜在风险,仅一个样点存在严重风险。To accurately describe the characteristics,environmental effects,and potential risk levels of soil heavy metal pollution in Guangzhou,210 sampling points were selected to collect soil samples.Single factor index method,Nemero comprehensive index method,potential ecological risk assessment method,health risk receptor model,and Monte Carlo method were used to study the concentration characteristics,ecological risk,and health risk of soil heavy metal available states,and combine the results of ecological risk assessment and health risk assessment to conduct collaborative risk assessment for each point.The results showed that the average effective concentrations of Pb,Ni,Cu,Cr,Zn,Cd,and As in the soil of Guangdong Province were 13.66,3.64,17.92,1.74,51.77,0.22,and 0.38 mg/kg,respectively.Cd had exceeded the background value of the soil in Guangdong Province,and the pollution situation was relatively severe.All heavy metals showed strong variability;Except for Cd,which is slightly polluted,all other heavy metals are relatively clean,and the overall pollution level is mild pollution;The potential ecological hazards caused by Cr and As on soil can be ignored,while Cu,Ni,Pb,and Zn present varying degrees of ecological hazards in some sample sites.Cd is the main ecological risk factor for heavy metals in soil in Guangzhou;Oral intake is the main way in which heavy metals pose health risks to children and adults.Children are at greater risk than adults,and each heavy metal does not pose significant health risks to children and adults.The main non carcinogenic factors are Cu and Pb,while the main carcinogenic factors are Cd and As;79%of the sample points in Guangzhou have low potential risks,20%have potential risks,and only one sample point has serious risks.

关 键 词：土壤 重金属有效态 污染特征 健康风险评估 广州市 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X825