钛材应力腐蚀开裂及氢脆行为研究进展  

Stress corrosion cracking and hydrogen embrittlement behavior of titaniumbased materials:a review

作　　者：胡家齐 周可欣 李涛 刘庆伟 谢隋杰 慈世伟 HU Jiaqi;ZHOU Kexin;LI Tao;LIU Qingwei;XIE Suijie;CI Shiwei(State-owned Wuhu Machinery Factory,Wuhu 241000,China)

机构地区：[1]国营芜湖机械厂,安徽芜湖241000

出　　处：《粉末冶金工业》2024年第6期154-165,共12页Powder Metallurgy Industry

基　　金：安徽省重点研究与开发技术项目(202304a05020067)

摘　　要：钛及钛合金因其优异的比强度、良好的耐蚀性、高温性能及生物兼容性,作为重要备选材料,广泛应用于航空航天、核工业、石化工业及生物医疗器械等高端制造业领域。然而,钛材的应用面临着在富卤化物或富氢苛刻环境中服役的应力腐蚀失效及由于热导率低、易产生加工硬化导致加工工艺窗口较小等问题。因此,在厘清钛材应力腐蚀机制的基础上,进一步提高钛材应力腐蚀及氢脆抗力是提升重要结构件服役安全性及寿命所亟待解决的问题。现有研究表明,钛材的应力腐蚀及氢脆行为是多重影响因素、断裂机制耦合作用下的失效行为,上述影响因素包括但不限于合金元素配比、热处理工艺、工作环境温度、暴露时间、腐蚀产物、可扩散氢浓度、氧化膜厚度及氢演变反应。基于上述研究成果,本文提出了以激光冲击强化技术为代表的表面处理工艺可提升钛材应力腐蚀及氢脆抗力的技术路径,并指出未来钛材的发展应着眼于开发新型增材制造技术,通过提升保护性钝化膜稳定性、揭示应力腐蚀过程中腐蚀产物、氢化物形成机制及氢与钛材亚结构在形变过程中的交互作用机制等方法,进一步提升钛材的应力腐蚀抗力及耐蚀性。Due to the combination of excellent specific strength,good corrosion resistance,heat resistance,and biological compatibility,titanium and its alloy have played a vital role as one of the most important materials candidates used in the high-end manufacturing,including aerospace,nuclear industry,petrochemical industry as well as biomedical devices.While the further development and application of titanium-based materials are significantly restricted by the stress corrosion cracking(SCC)/hydrogen embrittlement(HE)and limited working process window.Moreover,the SCC and HE behavior poses a major threat to the service safety and life extension of the titaniumbased components.In attacking service environment,titanium-based structural materials commonly suffer from the stress corrosion cracking,especially the hot salt stress corrosion cracking(HSSCC),salt aqueous stress corrosion cracking,and hydrogen-induced brittle fracture.The presence of moisture and oxygen favors the reactions between the protective oxide layer of titanium and the salts,thus accelerates the corrosion of titanium matrix and generation of corrosion products(titanium chlorides and atomic hydrogen).It is proposed that the cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)dominates the hydrogen embrittlement behavior of titanium-based materials via affecting the passivation of titanium oxide films.To be specific,the electronic structure of the oxide films is altered by the hydrogen atoms.The compactness and stability of protective films are resultantly weakened.Except for the strength and ductility,hydrogen also exerts great impact on the fatigue performance of titanium-based materials.Interestingly,higher hydrogen content may prolong the fatigue life of titanium alloys.A hydrogen-induced time-dependent load shedding inside the lamellar microstructure and localized plasticity at the crack tips synergistically increase the dwell-fatigue life of Ti-6242Si alloy.While the formation of brittle titanium hydrides at phase boundaries is responsible for the severe ductili

关 键 词：钛材 耐蚀性 应力腐蚀开裂 氢脆 表面处理 

分 类 号：TG178[金属学及工艺—金属表面处理]