犯罪人和他的科学——关于19世纪末犯罪学形成的批判性叙述  

The Criminal and His Science:A Critical Account of the Formation of Criminology at the end of the Nineteenth Century

作　　者： 李波(译) 吴欣潼(译) 蒋济泽(校) David Garland;Li Bo;Wu Xintong;Jiang Jize

机构地区：[1]爱丁堡大学 [2]中国海洋大学法学院 [3]同济大学法学院

出　　处：《刑法论丛》2023年第1期361-395,共35页Criminal Law Review

摘　　要：目前犯罪学在国际社会已获得广泛的关注与认可,但是其历史和发展轨迹似乎没有得到充分的关注与论证,而这关系着犯罪学理论框架的正当性。大卫·加兰德的研究表明:实证主义犯罪学的产生与物理主义、科学主义具有密不可分的联系,其反对古典主义的“形而上学”术语,主张形成关于犯罪人的科学的和精确的知识。实证犯罪学理论具有深刻的意识形态意义,其所提出的解决犯罪问题的方法实质上是国家对个人进行的干预与控制,是对“正常”与“反常”标准的垄断,具有明显的政治意图。遗憾的是,实证犯罪学的产生和发展压制了人口中的弱势阶层,而没有将社会从犯罪问题中解放出来。Although criminology has gained widespread attention and recognition,its history and development trajectory failed to attach adequate attention and argumentation,which is related to the legitimacy of the theoretical framework of criminology.The study by David Garland shows:the emergenceof criminologyis inextricably linked with physicalism and scientism,and its emergence and development have always adhered to the standpoint of positivism.It criticizes and opposes the terms of classicism,while advocating forming scientific and precise knowledge concerning the criminal.The theory of criminology has profound ideological significance,and the method proposed to solve crime issues is in essence the intervention and control of the individual by the state,and the monopoly of the“normal”and“abnormal”standards as well.Criminology has a clear political intention.Unfortunately,the consequence of the construction and development of criminology in 19 century is more often the continued repression of disadvantaged sectors of the population than the liberation of society from the problem of crime.

关 键 词：犯罪学 古典主义 实证主义 意识形态 国家干预 

分 类 号：D917[政治法律—法学]