单位过失犯罪的基本构造  

The Constitution of the Unit Negligence Crime

作　　者：阴建峰[1] 侯撼岳 Yin Jianfeng;Hou Hanyue

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学法学院

出　　处：《刑法论丛》2023年第1期1-28,共28页Criminal Law Review

摘　　要：在我国单位犯罪的研究中,对单位过失的研究较为薄弱,对于此类犯罪存在诸多争议。在“集体—个人”的特殊样态下,需要借助客观义务的履行进行推定,但这并不意味着单位犯罪归责中应当摒弃主观部分,单位罪过中仍有区分故意与过失的必要。单位过失犯罪中存在三对因果关系,其中本质因果关系应当采取客观归责理论,区分归因与归责的不同阶段;致害因果关系作为条件因果关系,应当采取条件说进行判断;基于单位监督管理的风险管理本质,到达因果关系应当采取危险的现实化说。在判断是否违反注意义务时,应当基于新过失论,以结果回避义务为核心,兼顾结果预见义务,实现主客观归责的统一。鉴于单位犯罪中前置法义务具有刑事违法性与前置法违法性判断的双重作用,应当加强义务之间的衔接,完善转致路径。The research on unit negligence in China's unit crime is relatively weak,and there are many controversies about this type of crime.In the special situation of“entity-individual”,it is necessary to rely on the performance of objective obligations for presumption,but this does not mean that the subjective part should be abandoned in the attribution of unit crimes,and there is still a need to distinguish between intentional and negligent in unit crimes.There are three kinds of causality in unit negligence crimes,among which the essential causality should adopt the objective attribution theory to distinguish the different stages of attribution and Zurechnung;the causality of harm,as a conditional causality,should be judged using thecondition theory;based on the essence of risk management through unitsupervision and management,reaching a causality should adopt risk actualization theory.When judging whether the duty of care has been violated,it should be based on the new theory of negligence,with the avoidance of consequences as the core,taking into account the obligation of foreseeing consequences,and achieving the unity of subjective and objective attribution of responsibility.Given the dual role of pre legal obligations in determining criminal illegality and pre legal illegality in unit crimes,it is necessary to strengthen the connection between obligations and improve the transition path.

关 键 词：单位过失 监督过失 因果关系 注意义务 

分 类 号：D924.1[政治法律—刑法学]