新中国选举制度在各界人民代表会议时期的探索  

作　　者：刘松山 

机构地区：[1]山东大学法学院(威海) [2]山东大学国家治理研究院

出　　处：《法治现代化研究》2024年第5期1-26,共26页Law and Modernization

基　　金：研究阐释党的二十大精神国家社科基金重点项目“以人民代表大会制度为重要制度载体实现全过程人民民主研究”(23AZD041)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：中华人民共和国成立前后,由于敌我混杂、情况复杂,民主建政的任务紧迫,革命形势发展很不平衡,我国缺乏选举的传统,加上对如何开好人民代表大会尚缺乏充分的准备,因而普选难以在全国范围内实行。将推选、充任、选派、聘请和选举等多种方式混合起来,产生各界人民代表会议代表,反映了那一时期的实质民主。对于普选,毛泽东和党中央采取的策略是,十分慎重,一旦条件成熟,则迅速地推动和扩大。各地在代表的选举中,对保障人民的选举权和被选举权、设计代表结构、确定代表名额、提出代表候选人以及其他诸多事项,进行了创造性的探索。而在各界人民代表会议的选举中,北京市的探索又具有典型意义。回顾各界人民代表会议的探索实践,可以更深入地认识中国选举民主的发展脉络和1953年选举法的源头。Around the time of the founding of People's Republic of China,the country was confronted with a complex situation due to the fact that there were a considerable number of adversaries in its population,an urgent task of establishing democratic governance,and an uneven development of the revolutionary cause in different regions.Moreover,Chinese people lacked a tradition of elections,and there was insufficient preparation for holding a People's Congress.Therefore,it was difficult to implement universal suffrage nationwide.A mix of various methods such as nomination,appointment,designation,invitation,and election were used to generate members of the People's Congress of Representatives from All Sectors,reflecting the substantive democracy of that period.Regarding universal suffrage,Mao Zedong and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China adopted a cautious strategy,quickly promoting and expanding it once conditions were ripe.In the election of representatives across various regions,creative explorations were made in guaranteeing people's right to vote and to be elected,designing the structure of representatives,determining the number of representatives,nominating candidates,and dealing with other related matters.The exploration in the election of representatives carried out in the city of Beijing during the period of the People's Congress of Representatives from All Sectors is of typical significance.

关 键 词：各界人民代表会议 普选 代表产生方式 1953年选举法 

分 类 号：D921.2[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] D622[政治法律—法学]