2021—2023年射洪市噪声作业人员高频听力损伤监测结果分析  

Analysis of the monitoring results of high-frequency hearing impairment of noise workers in Shehong City 2021 to 2023

作　　者：羊林 罗建 罗珂雯 徐嘉琦 唐涛 YANG Lin;LUO Jian;LUO Kewen;XU Jiaqi;TANG Tao(Shehong Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Suining 629200,Sichuan Province,China)

机构地区：[1]射洪市疾病预防控制中心,四川遂宁629200

出　　处：《职业卫生与病伤》2024年第5期304-309,共6页Occupational Health and Damage

摘　　要：目的 了解2021—2023年射洪市噪声作业人员高频听力损伤状况,为职业性噪声聋防治工作提供科学依据。方法 收集2021—2023年射洪市辖区内企业职业健康检查数据中接触职业病危害因素为噪声的作业人员(在岗和离岗)体检数据,采用确切概率法和χ^(2)检验进行统计分析,检验水准为α=0.05。结果 2021—2023年射洪市共7 632人噪声作业人员体检数据纳入分析,446人检出高频听力损伤,检出率5.84%;其中男性检出率6.71%,女性检出率4.09%;年龄组<30岁、30~39岁、40~49岁和50~59岁以及≥60岁检出率分别为1.28%、3.21%、6.26%、11.15%和11.40%;工龄组<1年、1~4年、5~9年、10~14年以及≥15年检出率分别为4.01%、4.79%、6.32%、6.39%和8.73%;大、中、小、微企业检出率分别为7.43%、3.30%、7.96%和13.58%;国有经济、其他内资经济、私有经济、外商经济检出率分别为3.35%、0.65%、8.72%和6.67%;行业分类检出率最高是采矿业的14.95%,接触职业病危害噪声人群基数最大的是制造业,占比达到了83.44%;制造业中行业分类检出率前3位的分别是金属制品业的38.46%、仪器仪表制造业的33.33%、专用设备制造业的24.07%;不同年份、性别、年龄组、工龄组、企业规模、经济类型、行业分类、制造业中行业分类差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论 2021—2023年射洪市噪声作业人员高频听力损伤检出率呈现逐年下降的趋势,但射洪市噪声危害严重的企业多、接触噪声人群基数大,应针对重点行业、重点企业、重点人群采取综合防治措施,保护劳动者的身体健康,减少职业性噪声聋的发生。Objective To investigate the status of high-frequency hearing injury among noise workers in Shehong city from 2021 to 2023,and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of occupational noise deafness.Methods The occupational health examination data of the operators(on and off duty)who are exposed to noise as the occupational hazard factor in the enterprises under the jurisdiction of Shehong city from 2021 to 2023 were collected.The exact probability method and Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis.Inspection level wasα=0.05.Results A total of 7632 physical examination data of noise operators from 2021 to 2023 were included in the analysis,and 446 of them were detected with high-frequency hearing impairment.The detection rate was 5.84%;Male detection rate was 6.71%,female detection rate was 4.09%;The detection rates of age groups<30 years old,30-39 years old,40-49 years old,50-59 years old and≥60 years old were 1.28%,3.21%,6.26%,11.15%and 11.40%,respectively.The detection rates of age groups<1 year,1-4 years,5-9 years,10-14 years and≥15 years were 4.01%,4.79%,6.32%,6.39%and 8.73%,respectively.The detection rates of large,medium,small and micro enterprises were 7.43%,3.30%,7.96%and 13.58%,respectively.The detection rates of state-owned economy,other domestic economy,private economy and foreign economy were 3.35%,0.65%,8.72%and 6.67%,respectively.The highest detection rate was 14.95%in the mining industry,the largest population base exposed to occupational hazard noise was the manufacturing industry and the proportion reached 83.44%.In the manufacturing industry,the top three detection rates were 38.46%in the metal products industry,33.33%in the instrument and meter manufacturing industry,and 24.07%in the special equipment manufacturing industry.There were statistically significant differences among different years,gender,age group,seniority group,enterprise size,economic type,industry classification and manufacturing industry classification(all P<0.05).Conclusions The detection

关 键 词：高频听力 噪声聋 噪声 

分 类 号：R135.8[医药卫生—劳动卫生]