上海15分钟社区生活圈供需匹配质量精准评价  

Accurate Evaluation of Supply-Demand Matching Quality of 15-Minute Community Life Circle in Shanghai

作　　者：陈君南 晏龙旭 王德[3] 张尚武[2] 冯高尚 吴菁妍 CHEN Junnan;YAN Longxu;WANG De;ZHANG Shangwu;FENG Gaoshang;WU Jingyan

机构地区：[1]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 [2]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院自然资源部国土空间智能规划技术重点实验室 [3]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院高密度人居环境生态与节能教育部重点实验室 [4]上海同济城市规划设计研究院有限公司 [5]上海市规划编审中心

出　　处：《上海城市规划》2024年第6期30-37,共8页Shanghai Urban Planning Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“‘本地—非本地’理论视角下大都市中心体系的功能构成模式与相互作用机制研究:以上海为例”(编号52208074)资助。

摘　　要：基于需求人群分布评价社区生活圈服务设施的供需匹配质量,能够更精准地指导社区生活圈规划与完善。提出一套需求人群空间分布识别和设施服务水平评价的方法,采用手机数据和第七次全国人口普查数据识别各类需求人群的空间分布,采用POI数据测度相应设施分布,结合可达性分析开展设施供需匹配质量的精准评价。围绕《上海市“15分钟社区生活圈”行动工作导引》规定的5大类设施,首先采用洛伦兹曲线和基尼系数进行总体评价。其次分析中心城和郊区小类设施在公里网格尺度的服务水平,识别潜在问题空间。最后提出不同类型设施服务水平的均等性具有差异,一些设施存在明显的问题空间,需予以针对性的建设完善;社区生活圈的构建需要超越街镇行政区划,在一些地区还需要兼顾道路连通性优化;郊区生活圈建设不宜设定绝对的可达性标准,需针对不同设施分类考虑。Evaluating the quality of supply and demand matching of community living circle services based on the distribution of specific demand groups can accurately guide the planning improvement.This paper proposes a set of methods for identifying the demand groups and evaluating the service level of facilities.Mobile phone data and the seventh population census data are used to identify the spatial distribution of demand groups,and POI data is used to measure the distribution of corresponding facilities.The accurate evaluation of the supply-demand matching is conducted by combining accessibility analysis.Based on the five types of facilities specified in Shanghai's 15-Minute Community Life Circle Action Guide,the Lorentz curve and Gini coefficient are first used for overall evaluation,and then the service level of sub-types of facilities in the central city and suburban areas are analyzed at the kilometer grid scale to identify potential problems.The study shows that:service equality varies across different types of facilities,and some facilities have obvious spatial problems;the construction of a community life circle needs to go beyond the administrative division of street/town,and in some cases,it also needs to consider the optimization of road connectivity;it is not appropriate to set absolute accessibility standards for the suburban living circle,which should be determined by the usage of different facilities.

关 键 词：社区生活圈 需求人群 供需匹配 手机大数据 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]