叶面肥与基肥配施对夏大豆光合性能、产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Foliar Fertilization and Base Fertilization on Photosynthetic Characteristics,Yield,and Quality of Summer Soybean

作　　者：屈洋 马雯 刘晓婷 薛玉莹 王可珍 QU Yang;MA Wen;LIU Xiaoting;XUE Yuying;WANG Kezhen(Baoji Research Institute of Agricultural Science,Qishan,Shaanxi 722499,China)

机构地区：[1]宝鸡市农业科学研究院,陕西岐山722499

出　　处：《陕西农业科学》2025年第1期51-55,共5页Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：陕西省创新能力支撑计划(2023XYSF-07);陕西省重点研发计划(2024NC-XCZX-21);陕西省农业协同创新与推广联盟(LM202315);陕西省重点研发计划(2023-ZDLNY-10);陕西省豆类产业技术体系(2024)。

摘　　要：为筛选适宜夏大豆的叶面肥和基肥配施方式,提高大豆的产量和品质,以宝豆10号为试验材料,采用二因素裂区试验设计,设置主处理磷酸二氢钾喷施浓度0%(P1)、1.0%(P2)、1.5%(P3)和2.0%(P4)4个水平,设置副处理复合肥施肥量150 kg/hm^(2)(F1)、225 kg/hm^(2)(F2)、300 kg/hm^(2)(F3)和375 kg/hm^(2)(F4)4个水平,研究叶面肥和基肥配施对夏大豆产量构成因素、光合性能、产量和籽粒品质的影响。结果表明,叶面肥和基肥对夏大豆叶片的花期和荚期的SPAD值和Pn均有显著影响;叶面肥、基肥以及它们的互作效应对夏大豆的单株粒数、百粒重和产量具有极显著影响,其中P3F4产量达到4165.70 kg/hm^(2),与其它处理差异显著(P<0.05)。叶面肥、基肥、叶面肥×基肥对夏大豆籽粒蛋白质含量、脂肪含量、异黄酮含量存在极显著影响(P<0.01),P1F3蛋白质含量最高达到45.51%,P4F3脂肪含量和异黄酮含量最高分别达到19.68%和0.4626%。叶面肥、基肥以及它们的互作效应对夏大豆花期、荚期的光合性能、产量构成因素和籽粒品质存在重要影响。基肥施入量375 kg/hm^(2)时在花期喷施1.5%磷酸二氢钾水溶液可有效改善夏大豆叶片的光合性能、产量构成因素,并可获得较好的产量优势和籽粒品质。To investigate the effects of foliar fertilization and base fertilization on SPAD value,agronomic characteristics,photosynthetic characteristics,yield,and quality of the summer soybean cultivar‘Baodou 10’,a field experiment was conducted using a two-factor split-plot design with different foliar fertilization concentrations(0%P1,1.0%P2,1.5%P3,and 2.0%P4,respectively)and base fertilization amounts(150 kg/hm^(2)F1,225 kg/hm^(2)F2,300 kg/hm^(2)F3,and 375 kg/hm^(2)F4).The results showed that foliar fertilization and base fertilization had significant effects on SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate(Pn).Foliar fertilization,base fertilization,and their interaction(foliar fertilization×base fertilization)had significant effects on seeds per plant,100-seed weight,and yield(P<0.01).The highest yield was observed in P3F4,reaching 4165.70 kg/hm^(2),which was significantly higher than that of all other treatments(P<0.05).Foliar fertilization,base fertilization,and their interaction also had significant effects on protein content,fat content,and isoflavone content(P<0.01).The highest protein content(45.51%)was observed in P1F3,while P3F4 had the highest fat content(19.68%)and the highest isoflavone content(0.4626%).The foliar fertilization,base fertilization,and foliar fertilization×base fertilization had the significant effects on photosynthetic performance of flowering and pods phases,yield component,and seed quality.Photosynthetic performance,yield component,and seed quality were improved when the amount of base fertilization was 375 kg/hm^(2)by spraying a 1.5%aqueous solution of KH_(2)PO_(4) in the flowering phase.

关 键 词：叶面肥 基肥 光合性能 产量品质 夏大豆 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]