‘红仁’核桃炭疽病病原菌的鉴定和室内药剂筛选  

Identification ofColletotrichum fructicolaCausing Anthracnose in‘Red Kernel’Walnuts and Screening of Indoor Agents

作　　者：雷琼[1] 林鑫 张治有 屈佳楠 王文俊 LEI Qiong;LIN Xin;ZHANG Zhiyou;QU Jianan;WANG Wenjun(Yangling Vocational&Technical College,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Center for Returning Farmland to Forestry and Grassland,Shangzhou District Forestry Bureau,Shangluo,Shaanxi 726000,China;Shangluo Walnut Research Institute of China,Shangluo,Shaanxi 726099,China)

机构地区：[1]杨凌职业技术学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]陕西省商洛市商州区退耕还林还草中心,陕西商洛726000 [3]中国商洛核桃研究所,陕西商洛726000

出　　处：《陕西农业科学》2025年第1期84-87,120,共5页Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：陕西林业科技创新重点专项(SXLK2022-02-10);杨凌职业技术学院院内基金项目(ZK 22-48)。

摘　　要：核桃炭疽病对核桃种植危害严重,每年会造成很大的产量损失。为确定陕西商洛‘红仁’核桃炭疽病的主要病原菌,采集典型发病叶片,通过组织分离和纯化,结合形态学和分子生物学鉴定得到果生炭疽菌,并通过科赫氏试验验证了其为核桃炭疽病的病原菌。为筛选高效的防治药剂,使用了菌丝生长速率法测试了6种常用杀菌剂对果生炭疽菌的抑菌能力。结果显示,多菌灵和咯菌腈对菌株的菌丝生长抑制作用较好,EC-50分别为0.16 mg/L和0.32 mg/L。在6种供试药剂中代森锰锌的抑制效果较差,EC-50值为41.67 mg/L,其他药剂的抑制效果均不错。在核桃炭疽病发病的不同期间轮换使用多菌灵、甲基硫菌灵、氰烯菌酯、戊唑醇、咯菌腈等杀菌剂,可以有效控制核桃炭疽病。Walnut anthracnose poses a significant threat to walnut cultivation,causing considerable yield losses annually.This study aimed to identify the primary pathogen associated with anthracnose in"Red Kernel"walnuts cultivated in Shangluo,Shaanxi.Typical symptomatic leaves were collected and underwent tissue isolation and purification.Morphological and molecular biological analyses identified the pathogen as%Colletotrichum fructicola,%which was further confirmed through Koch's postulates.To screen for effective fungicides,the mycelial growth rate method was used to evaluate the inhibitory effects of six commonly used fungicides against%C.fructicola.%The results demonstrated that carbendazim and fludioxonil exhibited strong inhibitory effects on mycelial growth,with effective concentration for 50%inhibition(EC-50)values of 0.16 mg/L and 0.32 mg/L,respectively.Among the six fungicides tested,mancozeb showed the least effective inhibition,with an EC-50 value of 41.67 mg/L.The other fungicides also demonstrated satisfactory results.It is recommended to apply fungicides such as carbendazim,thiophanate-methyl,phenamacril,tebuconazole,and fludioxonil in rotation during different stages of walnut anthracnose development for effective disease management.

关 键 词：核桃炭疽病 果生炭疽菌 科赫氏实验 杀菌剂 

分 类 号：S432.1[农业科学—植物病理学]