基于高通量测序的烟草根黑腐病根际土壤微生物群落结构分析  

Analysis of Black Root Rot Rhizosphere Microbial Community Structure in Tobacco Based on High-Throughput Sequencing

作　　者：谭嘉琦 龙飞 袁野 刘璐 毋丽丽 韩莹 杜鸿波 TAN Jiaqi;LONG Fei;YUAN Ye;LIU Lu;WU Lili;HAN Ying;DU Hongbo(Nanzheng Branch of Hanzhong Tobacco Company,Hanzhong,Shaanxi 723100,China)

机构地区：[1]汉中市烟草公司南郑分公司,陕西汉中723100

出　　处：《陕西农业科学》2025年第1期96-103,共8页Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：陕西省烟草公司汉中市公司科技项目烤烟病虫害流行模式分析和病虫害预测预报系统构建(HZYC-KJXM-2021-02)。

摘　　要：烟草根黑腐病是一种由根串珠霉[Thielaviopsis basicola(Berk. et Br.) Ferr.]引起的真菌病害,当环境条件适宜时,残留在土壤中的病原菌会侵染烟草植株根部导致病害的发生。本研究旨在调查烟草根黑腐病侵染烟草后土壤理化性质的差异,以及利用16S rRNA和ITS高通量测序结合来研究根际微生物群落的种类和结构的变化。结果表明,感病土壤的pH变化不显著,SOC、TN、ALN、MBC和MBN显著降低,AP和AK含量显著升高,感病土壤的脲酶、过氧化氢酶和硝酸盐还原酶含量显著下降。在门水平上,健康植株和发病植株根际土壤微生物组成相似,但相对丰度存在显著差异。其中发病后植株根际土壤中Bacteroidota、Desulfobacterota、Firmicutes、RCP2-54、NB1-j、Latescibacterota、Patescibacteria和Verrucomicrobiota的丰度下降。在属水平上,感病土壤中Sphingomonas、Gemmatimonas、SC-I-84、A21b、Bryobacter、Candidatus_Solibacter、Pseudarthrobacter、Bacillus和MND1的丰度下降。此外,感病土壤中代谢活动更加活跃。相关性分析表明细菌微生物中subgroup_2、Solibacter、Ellin6067和Bryobacter与感病土壤呈正相关。研究结果为探明烟草根黑腐病发生的微生态机制及,为病害的防控提供理论基础。Tobacco black root rot is a fungal disease caused by Thielaviopsis basicola(Berk.et Br.)Ferr.Under favorable environmental conditions,residual pathogenic fungi in the soil can invade tobacco plant roots,leading to disease development.This study aimed to investigate the changes in soil physicochemical properties and the composition and structure of rhizosphere microbial communities after tobacco black root rot infection,using high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer(ITS).The results showed that the pH of diseased soil remained stable,whereas Soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN),alkaline nitrogen(ALN),microbial biomass carbon(MBC),and microbial biomass nitrogen(MBN)decreased significantly.Additionally,AP and AK content increased significantly in diseased soil,while the levels of urease,hydrogen peroxidase,and nitrate reductase decreased significantly.At the phylum level,the composition of rhizosphere soil microbes in healthy and diseased plants was similar,however,the relative abundances differed substantially.Following disease onset,the rhizosphere soil exhibited reduced abundances of Bacteroidota,Desulfobacterota,Firmicutes,RCP2-54,NB1-j,Latescibacterota,Patescibacteria,and Verrucomicrobiota.At the genus level,diseased soil showed a decline in the abundances of genera such as Sphingomonas,Gemmatimonas,SC-I-84,A21b,Bryobacter,Candidatus Solibacter,Pseudarthrobacter,Bacillus,and MND1.Furthermore,metabolic activity was enhanced in diseased soil.Correlation analysis indicated a positive correlation between subgroup_2,Solibacter,Ellin6067,Bryobacter,and diseased soil.The results of this study contribute to understanding the microbial ecological mechanisms behind tobacco black root rot and provide a theoretical basis for disease prevention and control.

关 键 词：烟草根黑腐病 根际微生物 理化性质 高通量测序 

分 类 号：S182[农业科学—农业基础科学]