6种园艺植物气体交换特性研究  

Study on gas exchange characteristics of six horticultural plan ts

作　　者：张聪 唐永康[1] 王建霄 吴浩 毛瑞鑫[1] 纪运杰 Zhang Cong;Tang Yongkang;Wang Jianxiao;Wu Hao;Mao Ruixin;Ji Yunjie(National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering,China Astronaut Research and Training Center,Beijing 100094,China;School of landscape and Ecological Engineering,Hebei University of Engineering,Handan 056000,China;China Astronaut Research and Training Center,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]人因工程全国重点实验室(中国航天员科研训练中心),北京100094 [2]河北工程大学园林与生态工程学院,邯郸056000 [3]中国航天员科研训练中心,北京100094

出　　处：《航天医学与医学工程》2024年第5期295-301,共7页Space Medicine & Medical Engineering

基　　金：基础研究项目。

摘　　要：目的为了利用植物吸收密闭空间内的高浓度二氧化碳,笔者对6种园艺植物内的气体交换能力和调节措施进行了探究。方法利用密闭低压装置,在3个光照强度梯度[170μmol/(m^(2)·s)、270μmol/(m^(2)·s)、370μmol/(m^(2)·s)]和4个二氧化碳浓度梯度(500 ppm、1000 ppm、1500 ppm、2000 ppm)条件下,研究棕竹、菊花、白鹤芋、花烛、芦荟和肾蕨的气体交换特性。结果6种植物的平均光合速率差异显著,排序为菊花>白鹤芋>棕竹>芦荟>花烛>肾蕨。相比之下,菊花、白鹤芋、棕竹的蒸腾速率和呼吸速率较大,在黑暗条件下芦荟吸收了二氧化碳。370μmol/(m^(2)·s)的光强对棕竹的光合速率提升最大,与低光强相比,约提升2.57倍;高光照强度对肾蕨的光合速率具有抑制作用,其光合速率水平低于低光照强度的光合速率(约低3%)。当二氧化碳浓度为2000 ppm,菊花、白鹤芋、棕竹三者的平均光合速率均>9.13μmol CO_(2)/(m^(2)·s),是500 ppm的二氧化碳浓度下平均光合速率的3倍左右。结论6种园艺植物的气体交换能力以菊花、棕竹、白鹤芋为优,提高培养环境光照强度和二氧化碳浓度能够明显促进上述3种植物的气体交换。Objective In order to use plants to absorb high concentration carbon dioxide in closed space,the gas exchange capacity and regulation measures of six horticultural plants were explored.Methods The gas exchange characteristics of Bamboo Palm,Chrysanthemum,Peace Lily,Anthurium,Aloe vera,and Nephrolepis exaltata were studied under three light gradients[170μmol/(m^(2)·s),270μmol/(m^(2)·s),370μmol/(m^(2)·s)]and four carbon dioxide concentration gradients(500 ppm,1000 ppm,1500 ppm,2000 ppm)using a closed low-pressure device.Results The results indicate significant differences in the average photosynthetic rates among the six plants,with the ranking order as Chrysanthemum>Peace Lily>Bamboo Palm>Aloe vera>Anthurium>Nephrolepis exaltata.In contrast,the transpiration rate and respiration rate of Chrysanthemum,Peace Lily and Bamoo Palm were higher,aloe vera absorbed carbon dioxide under dark conditions.Under a light intensity of 370μmol/(m^(2)·s),the photosynthetic rate of Bamboo Palm was most enhanced,2.57 times that under the condition of 170μmol/(m^(2)·s),whereas high light intensity suppressed the photosynthetic rate of Nephrolepis exaltata,which was about 3%lower than that under low light intensity.Under a carbon dioxide concentration of 2000 ppm,the photosynthetic rates of Chrysanthemum,Peace Lily,and Bamboo Palm was more than 9.13μmol CO_(2)/(m^(2)·s),approximately three times the average rate under low carbon dioxide concentration.Conclusion Among the six horticultural plants,Chrysanthemum,Bamboo Palm,and Peace Lily exhibit superior gas exchange capabilities,and increasing the light intensity and carbon dioxide concentration in the cultivation environment significantly enhances the photosynthetic rate of these three plants.

关 键 词：园艺植物 气体交换 光照强度 二氧化碳浓度 

分 类 号：S68[农业科学—观赏园艺]