半干式餐厨垃圾厌氧消化反应器的设计及中试研究  

Design and Pilot Study of Semi-Dry Anaerobic Digestion Reactor for Food Waste

作　　者：宋晋栋 高崭 蒋丽冬 王子奇 胡培源 李光柱 SONG Jindong;GAO Zhan;JIANG Lidong;WANG Ziqi;HU Peiyuan;LI Guangzhu(CNNC No.7 Research&Design Institute Co Ltd,Taiyuan 030032,China)

机构地区：[1]中核第七研究设计院有限公司,山西太原030032

出　　处：《中国沼气》2025年第1期45-50,共6页China Biogas

基　　金：中核第七研究设计院有限公司自主科研项目(KY202109)。

摘　　要：针对我国餐厨垃圾预处理工艺特性,文章设计了一款50 m^(3)的半干式(TS=20%~25%)厌氧消化反应器,采用经三相分离预处理后的固相为原料进行了中试试验研究,旨在提高餐厨垃圾厌氧消化效率。研究结果表明:该反应器螺旋绞龙输送搅拌系统运行稳定,搅拌效果满足设计要求;厌氧罐有机负荷OLR(以VS计)约为5.3 kg·m^(-3) d^(-1) VS,对应停留时间HRT为30 d。在该负荷下,沼气产量为193 m^(3)·d^(-1),甲烷含量约为63%,沼气产气率(以VS计)约为0.73 m^(3)·kg^(-1) VS;系统出料中VFA为5.54 g·L^(-1)左右,pH值稳定在7.2,且VFA/ALK比值始终低于0.3,表明厌氧消化系统运行稳定;进料COD均值为250 g·L^(-1),COD去除率高达81.25%,VS降解率(VS R)约为81.66%,系统有机物沼气转化率高。该研究设计的半干式厌氧消化反应器创新之处在于搅拌输送系统设计和直接对预处理后固相物料进行厌氧消化的处理方式,不仅确保了高效的沼气产量和稳定处理效果,也降低了运行成本,为我国餐厨垃圾半干式厌氧消化处理技术提供重要的参考和支持。This study focuses on the characteristics of the pretreatment process for food waste in our country,aiming to improve the efficiency of anaerobic digestion of food waste.A semi-dry(TS=20%~25%)anaerobic digestion reactor with a volume of 50 m^(3) was designed,and the solid phase after three-phase separation pretreatment was used as raw material for pilot study.The research results show that the agitator system was stable and the stirring effect was good.The organic loading rate(OLR,measured in VS)of this reactor is about 5.3 m^(3)·d^(-1)VS,with a corresponding hydraulic retention time(HRT)of 30 days.Under this load,the biogas produced is 193 m^(3)·d^(-1),with a methane content of about 63%,and the biogas production rate(measured in VS)is approximately 0.73 m^(3)·kg^(-1)VS;the volatile fatty acids(VFA)in the effluent are around 5.54 g·L^(-1),the pH remains stable at 7.2,and the VFA/ALK ratio consistently maintains below 0.3,indicating that the anaerobic digestion system is stable;the average COD of the influent is 250 g·L^(-1),the COD removal rate is about 81.25%,and the VS reduction rate(VS R)is approximately 81.66%,indicating a high conversion rate of organic matter into biogas within the system.The innovation of the semi-dry anaerobic digestion reactor designed in this study lies in the design of the stirring and conveying system and the direct semi-dry anaerobic digestion treatment of the solid phase materials after pretreatment.It not only ensures efficient biogas production and stable treatment effect,but also reduces operating costs,providing important reference and support for the semi-dry anaerobic digestion treatment technology of catering waste in China.

关 键 词：餐厨垃圾 固相物料 半干式 厌氧消化 产气率 

分 类 号：S216.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程] X705[农业科学—农业工程]