复合体:关于其形貌、遭际及认识论价值  

Composite:Its Shape,Circumstances and Cognitive Value

作　　者：王铭铭[1] Wang Mingming(Department of Sociology,Peking University)

机构地区：[1]北京大学社会学系

出　　处：《开放时代》2025年第1期28-57,共30页Open Times

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“世界多元文明传统与多元知识体系的比较研究”(项目编号:24&ZD312)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：民族学和社会学在华建制之初,蔡元培、吴文藻等一边诠释学科要义,一边处理近代西学关键概念——国族——的“水土不服”问题,他们基于对作为复合体的中国的经验,创造性地提出了国家-世界折中论和多民族国家说。随着学科建设的展开,西学规范下的“分立群域”研究和“分族写志”迅速升温,前辈论述的思想性部分则被搁置。本文梳理了这一变化,指出“分”字背后是源于近世西方政治思想的孤岛意象,而这本是蔡元培、吴文藻等所警惕的。本文揭示了孤岛意象的起源及在社会科学中的持续影响,接着指出,学科研究脱离于思想初心,造成了许多认识危机;要克服这样的危机,便需返本开新。本文还指出,借助旧说中的复合体意象,复原社区、城市、区域、民族、走廊等区位的本有关系性,以关系宇宙论破除二元论,对于民族、国家与世界之间关系的再认识,将有重要的理论和现实意义。When ethnology and sociology were first established in China,Cai Yuanpei,Wu Wenzao and others were busy explaining the essence of the discipline on the one hand and dealing with the applicability of the key western concept of“nation”to Chinese realities on the other.Given that China was a composite,they creatively proposed an eclecticism between the state and the world,and produced the theory of multi-ethnic state.As the discipline evolved,the western norms of“isolates”and“separate ethnography for each clan”were gaining dominance,leaving aside the notion of complexity in the accounts of the predecessors.This paper sorts out this change and points out that words like“isolate”or“separate”refer to the image of an isolated island derived from Western political thought in modern times,which had raised the eyebrows of Cai Yuanpei,Wu Wenzao and other Chinese scholars.This paper reveals the origin and continuous influence of the image of an isolated island in the social sciences,and argues that disciplinary researches deviated from their original agenda would lead to cognitive crises.To overcome such crises,it is necessary to go back to the basics and start anew.The paper also points out that with the help of the image of a composite in the old theory,it will be of great theoretical and practical significance to restore the intrinsic relationship of communities,cities,regions,ethnic groups,corridors,and other locations,and to break dualism with relational cosmology.

关 键 词：民族学 社会学 国族 孤岛意象 复合体 

分 类 号：I20[文学—中国文学]