政治经济学批判语境中资本效应的历史变迁  

The Historical Changes of Capital Effect in the Context of Political Economy Criticism

作　　者：张婷婷 ZHANG Ting-ting

机构地区：[1]北京大学哲学系

出　　处：《北京社会科学》2025年第2期4-14,共11页Social Sciences of Beijing

基　　金：国家资助博士后研究人员计划项目(GZC20230120)——从“资本的社会”到“劳动的社会”——马克思《政治经济学批判(1857—1858年手稿)》再研究。

摘　　要：政治经济学批判基于对作为资本社会本质规定的资本的研究,完整地呈现了资本效应的历史变迁。首先,资本的前史是资本生成之前的原始积累的过程,充斥着暴力掠夺,带有“原罪”的属性。其次,资本的存在促进了生产力和物质财富的急速增长、完成了对自然界和社会联系的普遍占有、赋予了个人前所未有的相对独立性,造就了“资本的伟大的文明作用”;然而,资本原则的确立越来越暴露出其内在潜藏的野蛮面,亦即对现实存在物的普遍抽象统治、对剩余价值的隐蔽性剥削、对生产过剩的危机式暴力解决。最终,资本的命运将因受制于资本本身的固有界限、平均利润率逐渐下降的客观规律和剩余劳动的最大限度的创造,不得不走向自我扬弃,在历史上表现为趋于解体的状态。The critique of political economy is based on the study of capital as the essence of capital society,and presents the historical change of capital effect completely.Firstly,the pre-history of capital is the process of primitive accumulation before capital generation,which is filled with violent plunder and has the attribute of original sin.Secondly,the existence of capital promotes the rapid growth of productivity and material wealth,completes the universal possession of nature and social relations,gives individuals unprecedented relative independence,and creates“the great civilization role of capital”.However,the establishment of the principle of capital increasingly exposes its inherent barbarism,namely the universal abstract domination of real existence,the hidden exploitation of surplus value,and the crisis like violent resolution of overproduction.Ultimately,the fate of capital will be constrained by its inherent boundaries,the objective law of the gradual decline of the average rate of profit,and the maximum creation of surplus labor,and will have to move towards self abandonment,manifested in a state of disintegration in history.

关 键 词：政治经济学 资本效应 资本的原始积累 《资本论》 马克思 

分 类 号：B032[哲学宗教—哲学理论]