政府间失灵:理论界说、表现形式与应对路径  

Intergovernmental Failure:Theoretical Definition,Practical Forms and Response Paths

作　　者：刘良[1] LIU Liang

机构地区：[1]中共北京市委党校(北京行政学院)国际交往与世界政党教研部

出　　处：《北京社会科学》2025年第2期78-90,共13页Social Sciences of Beijing

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(20BZZ105)——我国重大突发公共卫生事件联防联控中的地方政府间协同研究。

摘　　要：政府间失灵用以描述政府间日益复杂的关系所导致的资源配置低效化或无效化状态。政府间失灵的表现形式可分为两类:纵向政府间失灵主要表现为上下级政府间的政策执行偏差;横向政府间失灵则主要表现为不同区域政府主体在区域性议题上的不当竞争。政府间失灵的主导因素在于政府间外部性问题,其深层根源与理性—科层制框架下的制度性集体行动困境密切相关。制度性集体行动困境主要体现于信息共享和成本分担机制的缺失,同时又受到理性—科层制框架下封闭政绩单元间激励机制的直接影响。为应对政府间失灵,政府间合作为关键路径,其实质是将外部性问题转化为合作框架下的内部行动,核心在于建立公共价值和利益的协调机制,并通过完善“选择性激励”机制,强化合作框架内行动者的成本—收益感知,从而抑制政府间失灵的演生条件,提升政府间资源配置效率。Intergovernmental failure refers to the inefficient or ineffective allocation of resources caused by the complex relationships between governments.Intergovernmental failure can be categorized into two forms:vertical intergovernmental failure,which mainly manifests as policy implementation deviations between higher and lower levels of government,and horizontal intergovernmental failure,which primarily reflects improper competition among regional governments on regional issues.The dominant factor behind intergovernmental failure lies in the external problems between governments,with its deep roots closely tied to the dilemma of institutional collective action under the rational-bureaucratic framework.This dilemma is primarily manifested in the lack of mechanisms for information sharing and cost sharing,and is directly affected by the incentive structures among closed performance units under the rational-bureaucratic framework.To address intergovernmental failure,intergovernmental cooperation is considered as a key path.Its essence lies in the transformation of external problems into internal actions under a cooperative framework.The core lies in the establishment of a coordination mechanism for public values and interests,and by improving the“selective incentive”mechanism,enhancing the cost-benefit awareness of actors under the cooperative framework,thereby inhibiting the conditions that lead to intergovernmental failure and improving resource allocation efficiency.

关 键 词：政府失灵 政府间失灵 外部性 集体行动困境 科层制 

分 类 号：D035[政治法律—政治学]