麋鹿角脱落和再生与血液激素含量的关系  

Relationship between the level of blood hormones and the shedding and regeneration of male Père David’s deer (Elaphurus davidianus) antlers

作　　者：孟庆辉 夏志强 单云芳 李俊芳 贺永惠[3] 崔艳红[3] 胡华刚 肖璇 白加德 钟震宇 孟秀祥[5] 张付贤 柏超 张成林[7] MENG Qinghui;XIA Zhiqiang;SHAN Yunfang;LI Junfang;HE Yonghui;CUI Yanhong;HU Huagang;XIAO Xuan;BAI Jiade;ZHONG Zhenyu;MENG Xiuxiang;ZHANG Fuxian;BAI Chao;ZHANG Chenglin(Beijing Père David's Deer Ecological Research Center,Beijing Academy of Science and Technology,Beijing 100076,China;National Deer Conversation and Research Center,Beijing 100076,China;Henan Institute of Science and Technology,Xinxiang 453003,China;Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital,Beijing 102211,China;School of Environmental Sciences,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100081,China;College of Animal Science,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434023,China;Beijing Zoo,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市科学技术研究院北京麋鹿生态实验中心,北京100076 [2]麋鹿国家保护研究中心,北京100076 [3]河南科技学院,新乡453003 [4]北京小汤山医院,北京102211 [5]中国人民大学环境学院,北京100081 [6]长江大学动物科学学院,荆州434023 [7]北京动物园,北京100044

出　　处：《兽类学报》2025年第1期86-95,共10页Acta Theriologica Sinica

基　　金：北京自然科学基金(5212003,5252004);北京动物园圈养野生动物技术北京市重点实验室开放课题(ZDK202101)。

摘　　要：麋鹿(Elaphurus davidianus)冬至解角,激素在茸软骨再生过程中起重要作用。本文采集麋鹿血液样品,测定激素含量,进行年度节律、冬至前(11—12月)后(翌年1—3月)比对及茸生长期(冬至—惊蛰,12月至翌年3月)波动变化的递进分析,以期为鹿茸软骨再生与激素含量关系的研究提供进一步印证。结果显示:(1)血液雌二醇(Estradiol,E_(2))、睾酮(Testosterone,T)、生长激素(Growth Hormone,GH)、胰岛素样生长因子1(Insulin-likeGrowth Factor 1,IGF-1)、褪黑素(Melatonin,MT)的含量均存在显著(F_(11,486)=3.98,n=507,P=0.004)的年节律变化;血液甲状旁腺激素(Parathyroid hormone,PTH)含量与茸骨化呈现同步(F_(11,486)=1.72,n=507,P=0.081)的月规律变化。(2)冬至后麋鹿茸血液中E_(2)、GH、T和PTH含量开始逐渐提升,IGF-1含量上升滞后。(3)整个生茸期,血液IGF-1、MT、GH、T、E_(2)含量与麋鹿茸再生速度显著正相关,血液PTH含量与鹿茸增重显著正相关。其中在麋鹿茸胚孕育的Ⅰ期和茸的萌发Ⅱ期,大雪节气(12月初)时,血液MT、GH、IGF-1含量开始增加,E_(2)与T的含量处于年度的次高峰期;麋鹿茸的缓慢生长Ⅲ期和级数增长Ⅳ期,冬至(12月22日)后,麋鹿茸血中MT、GH、IGF-1含量急剧上升(F_(3,80)=4.69,n=84,P=0.002);E_(2)的含量先下降后上升,差异显著(F_(3,80)=3.14,n=84,P=0.045),T的含量则由(0.6969±0.09)ng/mL(n=84)下降至(0.6647±0.06)ng/mL(n=84),差异不显著(F_(3,80)=5.79,P=0.178)。茸增长停滞的Ⅴ期,雨水节气(2月底)后,血液中GH含量明显回落,差异显著(F_(3,80)=3.25,n=84,P=0.037),E_(2)与T的含量则持续提升。PTH含量在脱角前及整个生茸期均处于不断提升中,由立冬节气的(11.78±2.54)pg/mL(n=22)上升到春分节气的(69.23±7.89)pg/mL(n=22),两者差异极显著(F_(1,20)=4.44,P=0.001)。可见,E_(2)、MT、GH、IGF-1、T和PTH均参与冬季麋鹿茸再生全过程,冬至低生理浓度褪黑素和睾酮与麋鹿角脱落相关。本研究可�The antlers of male Père David’s deer(Elaphurus davidianus)were shed during the winter solstice,and hormones play a crucial role in the regeneration of antler cartilage.This study collected blood samples from male Père David’s deer(Elaphurus davidianus)to measure hormone levels,comparing pre-winter solstice(November-December)and post-winter solstice(January-March)periods,as well as analyzing the fluctuations during the antler growth period(Winter Solstice-Start of Insects Awakening,December to March of the following year).The aim is to provide further evidence for the relationship between antler cartilage regeneration and hormone levels.Results showed that blood estradiol(E_(2)),testosterone(T),growth hormone(GH),insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1),and melatonin(MT)levels exhibited significant annual rhythmic changes(F_(11,486)=3.98,n=507,P=0.004).Blood parathyroid hormone(PTH)levels showed synchronous monthly changes with antler ossification(F_(11,486)=1.72,n=507,P=0.081).After the winter solstice,blood E_(2),GH,T,and PTH levels in deer antlers began to gradually increase,while IGF-1 levels increased later.Throughout the antler growth period,blood IGF-1,MT,GH,T,and E_(2) levels were significantly positively correlated with the regeneration speed of deer antlers,while blood PTH levels were significantly positively correlated with antler weight gain.During the Major Snow solar term(early December),the content of MT,GH,and IGF-1 in the blood began to increase,and the content of E_(2) and T was at the second peak of the year,which was extremely significantly different from the content of E_(2) and T during the breeding season of male deer(F7,152=4.08,n=160,P=0.003).During the winter solstice,the slow growth phaseⅢand the rapid growth phaseⅣof the antlers,the content of MT,GH,and IGF-1 in the blood of deer antlers increased sharply(F_(3,80)=4.69,n=84,P=0.002);the content of E_(2) first decreased and then increased,with significant differences(F_(3,80)=3.14,n=84,P=0.045),while the content of T decreased from

关 键 词：雌二醇 睾酮 胰岛素样生长因子1 褪黑素 血液甲状旁腺激素 麋鹿角脱落和再生 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]