机器学习在帕金森病诊断中的研究进展  

Advances in Machine Learning Techniques for diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease

作　　者：陈冲冲 沈晓明[2] 马云枝[2] 谢雁鸣[3] 郝诗楠 吕孟可 周广胜 孟明贤 CHEN Chongchong;SHEN Xiaoming;MA Yunzhi;XIE Yanming;HAO Shinan;LV Mengke;ZHOU Guangsheng;MENG Mingxian(The First Clinical Medical College,Henan University of Chinese Medicine,Zhengzhou Henan 450000,China;Department of Encephalopathy,The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine,Zhengzhou Henan 450000,China;Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)

机构地区：[1]河南中医药大学第一临床医学院,河南郑州450000 [2]河南中医药大学第一附属医院脑病科,河南郑州450000 [3]中国中医科学院中医临床基础医学研究所,北京100700

出　　处：《中国医疗设备》2025年第2期137-142,182,共7页China Medical Devices

基　　金：国家卫生健康委员会,河南省医学科技攻关计划省部共建重点项目(SBGJ202102187)。

摘　　要：帕金森病(Parkinson’s Disease,PD)是一种常见的神经系统退行性疾病,其早期诊断和鉴别具有很大的挑战性。随着机器学习技术的飞速发展,其在PD诊断中的应用日益受到关注。相较于传统诊断方法,机器学习技术在PD诊断中展现出了多模态、非侵入、少变异及个性化的优势,但现阶段早期PD症状的非特异性、高质量PD标注数据的不足以及隐私性问题仍在一定程度上限制了机器学习技术的应用。本文综述了近年来机器学习技术在PD诊断中的研究进展,未来研究需进一步提高数据质量、构建更具泛化能力的模型、探索生物学解释等,使机器学习技术与临床医学紧密结合,为PD患者提供更准确的诊断和更有效的治疗。Parkinson’s disease(PD)is a common neurodegenerative disease,and its early diagnosis and identification are challenging.With the rapid development of machine learning technology,its application in PD diagnosis has received increasing attention.Compared with traditional diagnostic methods,machine learning technology shows the advantages of multimodality,non-invasive,less variation and personalization in PD diagnosis,but at this stage,the non-specificity of early PD symptoms,the high quality of the PD labelled data and privacy issues still limit the application of machine learning techniques to some extent.This paper reviewed the research progress of machine learning technology in PD diagnosis in recent years.Future research needs to further improve the data quality,construct models with more generalisation ability,and explore biological explanations,etc.,so that the close integration of machine learning technology and clinical medicine can provide more accurate diagnosis and better treatment options for PD patients.

关 键 词：帕金森病 人工智能 机器学习 早期诊断 生物标志物 脑部影像 

分 类 号：R44[医药卫生—诊断学] R741[医药卫生—临床医学]