电动车用锂离子电池组外部加热技术进展  

Progress of external heating technologies for lithium-ion battery packs for electric vehicles

作　　者：文楠 周飞[1] 徐晓斌 陈星[1] 沈俊杰 WEN Nan;ZHOU Fei;XU Xiaobin;CHEN Xing;SHEN Junjie(State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing Jiangsu 210016,China)

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学航天航空结构力学及控制全国重点实验室,江苏南京210016

出　　处：《电源技术》2025年第2期281-291,共11页Chinese Journal of Power Sources

摘　　要：由于锂离子电池在低温工作时,其功率特性和循环寿命衰减显著,影响电动汽车的续航时间,因此研究锂离子电池的低温热管理系统尤为重要。综述了低温下锂离子电池组外部加热技术的研究进展,从加热速率、温度均匀性以及能耗等角度,比较分析了基于空气、液体和热泵的非接触式加热和基于相变材料、电热元件的接触式加热的优缺点。针对电池低温加热效果评价标准的片面性,提出了改进方法。讨论了主动式和被动式保温策略的应用特性,并基于电池系统的不同层级,概述了被动式保温策略的具体应用。展望了锂离子电池低温加热技术和保温策略的未来发展趋势。Due to the significant attenuation of power characteristics and cycle life when lithium-ion batteries operate at low temperature,which adversely affects the range of electric vehicles,it is particularly important to study the low-temperature thermal management system of lithium-ion batteries.The research progress of external heating technologies for lithium-ion battery packs in lowtemperature conditions was reviewed.In the view of the heating rate,temperature uniformity and energy consumption,the advantages and disadvantages of the non-contact heating based on air,liquid and heat pumps,as well as the contact heating based on phase change materials and electric heating elements were compared and analyzed.Aiming at the one-sided evaluation criteria for lowtemperature heating effects of batteries,some improvement methods were proposed.The application characteristics of active and passive heat preservation strategy were discussed,and the specific applications of passive heat preservation strategy were outlined based on the different levels of the battery system.The future development trends of the low-temperature heating technologies and heat preservation strategies for lithium-ion batteries were prospected.

关 键 词：锂离子电池 电池热管理 低温加热 保温 

分 类 号：TM912.9[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]