锂电池模组热失控产气特性及燃爆危险性研究  

Research on gas production characteristics and explosion risk of lithium battery modules due to thermal runaway

作　　者：梁敬峰 肖刚锋[1] 肖质文 黄思林 侯军辉 LIANG Jingfeng;XIAO Gangfeng;XIAO Zhiwen;HUANG Silin;HOU Junhui(School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou Guangdong 510640,China;Xiamen Ampace Technology Co.,Ltd.,Xiamen Fujian 361100,China)

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学机械与汽车工程学院,广东广州510640 [2]厦门新能安科技有限公司,福建厦门361100

出　　处：《电源技术》2025年第2期361-366,共6页Chinese Journal of Power Sources

摘　　要：针对磷酸铁锂电池模组在内部电池热失控后,会在模组内留存大量可燃混合气,造成极大安全隐患的问题,对磷酸铁锂电池和模组进行了热失控产气测试,获得了模组内可燃混合气的浓度变化规律,计算了模组内可燃气体的爆炸时间范围和最大爆炸超压。结果表明,模组内单电池发生热失控产气时,排出模组的热失控气体体积为102.34 L,可对模组所处空间带来巨大的爆炸隐患;根据公式推导得出实验模组的气体扩散速率为0.25 L/min,低密封等级模组内存在爆炸风险的持续时间较短,而高密封等级模组的爆炸风险将持续1 d以上;模组内可燃气体的爆炸当量为1.87 g,模组的最大爆炸超压达到32.36 kPa,可为模组结构强度设计提供参考。In view of the problem that a large amount of combustible mixture gases retains in the module after the thermal runaway of internal battery,causing great safety risks,the lithium iron phosphate battery and the module were tested for the gas production after thermal runaway,the concentration variation rule of combustible mixture gases in the module was obtained,and the explosion time range and maximum explosion overpressure of the combustible gas in the module were calculated.The results show that when the gas production of a single cell in the module happens after thermal runaway,the volume of the thermal runaway gas discharged from the module is 102.34 L,which can bring a huge explosion hazard to the space of the module.According to the formula,the gas diffusion rate of the module used in the experiment is 0.25 L/min,and the duration of explosion risk in the module with low sealing grade is shorter,while the explosion risk of the module with high sealing grade can last for more than one day.The explosive equivalent of the combustible gas in the module is 1.87 g,and the maximum explosive overpressure of the module reaches 32.36 kPa,which can provide reference for the structural strength design of the module.

关 键 词：锂电池 热失控 可燃气体 模组 燃爆风险 

分 类 号：TM912.9[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]