NFT智能合约物权凭证属性探析  

An Analysis of the Property Rights Certificate Attribute of Smart Contracts: A Case Study of NFT Smart Contracts

作　　者：张婉婷 Zhang Wanting

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学政法学院,北京100048

出　　处：《法学杂志》2025年第1期75-90,共16页Law Science Magazine

基　　金：国家社科重点项目“基本权利的社会调控属性研究”(项目编号:24AFX002)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：智能合约的法律属性至今仍无定论,其名称中虽有“合约”二字,但并不一定属于法律意义上的合约。作为区块链中的一项技术,智能合约具有不同的法律形态,应该根据其技术所服务的对象而判断其法律属性。在多样化的法律形态当中,智能合约的物权凭证属性通常为人所忽略。智能合约的物权凭证属性,典型体现于NFT产品当中。对于NFT,人们更多从知识产权角度加以保护,而往往忽略了它作为不可替代的、具有稀缺性的财产的特性。如果将NFT定位于一项财产或者物,NFT智能合约就是NFT这一财产的物权凭证,这能够凸显NFT产品的唯一性、稀缺性以及由此产生的财产价值。将NFT智能合约定性为物权凭证具有法律上的重要意义,只有通过智能合约这一物权凭证,NFT作为物的认定、交易和后续权利的保障才能得以实现。The legal attributes of smart contracts remains undetermined. Although there is the word “contract” in its name, it does not necessarily imply a contract in the legal sense. As a technology within blockchain, smart contracts have different legal forms, and their legal attributes should be determined based on the objects they serve. Among its various legal forms, the attribute of property rights certificate of smart contracts is often overlooked. This property rights certificate attribute is typically reflected in NFT products. NFTs, as non-fungible tokens, are more often protected from the perspective of intellectual property, while their characteristics as irreplaceable and scarce properties are frequently ignored. The NFT smart contract, as the technical carrier of NFTs, should establish its attribute as a property rights certificate, thereby providing legal protection for NFTs from both property and intellectual property perspectives.

关 键 词：NFT 智能合约 物权凭证 知识产权 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]