一种用于多点振动时延估计的光纤干涉传感技术  

A Fiber-Optic Interferometer Sensing Technology for Multi-point Vibration Time Delay Estimation

作　　者：陈梓安 胡荣润 何子凡 洪广伟[1] CHEN Zian;HU Rongrun;HE Zifan;HONG Guangwei(Department of Materials Science,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学材料科学系,上海200433

出　　处：《复旦学报(自然科学版)》2025年第1期32-38,共7页Journal of Fudan University:Natural Science

摘　　要：振动时延估计技术用途广泛,近些年来备受关注。已有的时分复用Sagnac结构在短信号的振动时延估计中误差较小,但需要捕获每个传感点的波形,所需的光纤延迟线长、受到干扰较大。针对此问题,结合波分复用技术和互相关算法,提出了一种基于直线型Sagnac干涉仪的结构,可用于多点振动时延估计。该结构避免使用大量延迟线,系统稳定性好,也无需捕获每个点的波形,简化了光路布局,适合用于宽谱振动信号的定位。设计的三点振动时间延迟实验,其中白噪声信号的平均估计误差仅为0.19 cm,音频信号的平均估计误差为0.44 cm,时延估计的误差较小,证实了该结构的实用性和有效性,特别适合宽谱噪声信号。Vibration time delay estimation techniques have garnered significant attention in recent years due to their diverse applications.While existing time division multiplexing Sagnac structures exhibit minimal errors in estimating vibration time delays for short signals,they necessitate capturing the waveform of each sensing point,requiring lengthy fiber delay lines and are prone to interference.To overcome these limitations,a novel structure based on a linear Sagnac interferometer that integrates wavelength division multiplexing technology with cross-correlation algorithms has been proposed for multi-point vibration time delay estimation.This innovative approach eliminates the need for extensive delay lines,ensuring system stability and simplifying optical path configuration by obviating the need to capture waveforms from individual points.It is particularly adept at pinpointing wideband noise signals.To validate the practicality and efficacy of this structure,an experimental design involving three points of vibration time delay was conducted.The experiment compared the time delay estimation of white noise and audio signals from a song.The results were impressive,with an average estimation error of only 0.19 cm for the distance difference of white noise signals and 0.44 cm for audio signals.These minimal errors highlight the system's practicality and reliability,making it a valuable tool for further localization support.In conclusion,the proposed structure based on a linear Sagnac interferometer offers a reliable and precise solution for multi-point vibration time delay estimation.Its integration with wavelength division multiplexing technology and cross-correlation algorithms enhances system stability and simplifies optical path configuration,while its ability to accurately estimate wideband noise signals makes it a promising candidate for various applications requiring precise localization.

关 键 词：时延估计 光纤传感 Sagnac干涉 互相关 

分 类 号：TP212.9[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]