不对称音系结构引发的音位合并——以义乌方言为例  

Phonemic merge triggered by asymmetric phonological structure in Yiwu dialects

作　　者：施俊 SHI Jun

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学人文学院

出　　处：《中国语文》2025年第1期53-62,127,共11页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：国家社科基金“吴闽方言韵母读音层次比较研究”(18BYY055)的资助。

摘　　要：本文把义乌方言按老派的元音系统分为甲乙丙丁四类方言点,甲类有四个中元音,乙类、丙类有三个中元音,丁类有两个中元音,甲类与丁类为对称结构,乙类和丙类为不对称结构。乙类点新派/■/和/o/合并,丙类点新派/ε/和/e/合并,甲类点新派四个中元音均没有发生合并,原因在于乙类、丙类不对称的元音结构促进了元音合并,甲类点对称的元音结构阻碍了元音合并。文章利用声学元音空间图直观地观察到甲乙两类点新老派关于/■/和/o/的分合情况。结构的对称与否在演变过程上存在一定差异,不对称结构趋向合并,对称结构倾向音值上的变化。文章举例分析对称结构的两种变化,一是条件音变,二是链式音变,两类音变未改变音系结构的对称性,但若受到外界权威方言的强烈影响时,这种平衡可能会被打破。This paper categorizes Yiwu dialects into four groups based on their older generation's vowel system:group A has four middle vowels,group B and C each have three,and group D has two.The vowel systems of group A and D are symmetric while the other two are asymmetric.In group C,/ε/and/e/have been merged in the younger generation.The same merging process is also found on/o/and/o/in the younger generation of group B.In contrast,no merge has occurred concerning the four middle vowels in the younger generation of group A.This can be accounted for by acoustic vowel space diagrams in which merge tends to occur in asymmetric vowel systems while variations on sound value such as conditional sound change and chain shift are attested more in symmetric systems.However,when there are strong influences from external more popular languages,the symmetry of vowel system may be altered.

关 键 词：不对称 音系结构 音位合并 义乌方言 

分 类 号：H173[语言文字—汉语]