高昌国马政相关问题研究  

Research on the related issues of horse policy in Gaochang Kingdom

作　　者：朱理国 ZHU Liguo

机构地区：[1]湖南大学岳麓书院

出　　处：《吐鲁番学研究》2024年第4期43-64,153,共23页Turfanological Research

摘　　要：马政是高昌国行政组成中不可忽视的一环,吐鲁番阿斯塔那一五一号墓出土文书之中,有七件文书与高昌国时期的马政相关。本文在前人研究的基础上,对《高昌买驮、入练、远行马、郡上马等人名籍》和《高昌洿林等行马入亭马人名籍》两件文书的性质进行了重新讨论,同时对麴氏高昌国的马政若干问题进行了分析:高昌国义和政权对马匹的使用存在“传脱”“买驮人”“入练人”等多种分类途径;高昌国继承了先代“阅马”制度,对民户所承养的马匹进行定期检查;高昌国的“驿马”即“邬落马”,由官府直接进行管理饲养;重光复辟后麴氏政权对马政进行了全面地改进,将“远行马”收归官养,有意识地将全国马匹划分为“行马”和“亭马”,以专门机构负责马匹治疗和休养。Horse policy was a significant part of the administration of the Qu's Gaochang Kingdom.Out of all the documents unearthed from Tomb 151,Astana,Turfan,seven documents are related to the horse policy of this kingdom.Based on previous studies,this dissertation revisits the nature of two documents titled "The person name's register of Maituo-Rulian-Yuanxingma-Junshangma" and "The person name's register of Gaochang-Wulin-Xinma-Ru-Tinma".At the same time,this dissertation analyzes some questions of horse policy in the Qu's Gaochang Kingdom.There were several ways of using horses in Gaochang Kingdom,including Chuantuo,Maituoren and Rulianren;Gaochang Kingdom inherited a previous horse policy named "Horse Inspection",which regularly checked the horses raised by civilians;In the Qu's Gaochang Kingdom, "Yima" was equivalent to "Ulaγ",and they were both raised by the government;After the Chongguang Restoration,the Qu's regime made comprehensive improvements to the horse policy. "Yuanxingma" were raised by the government from that point forward.The government consciously divided the horses into two different categories called "Xingma" and "Tinma",and established a specialized agency to check the health of horses.

关 键 词：马帐文书 马政 麴氏高昌国 义和政权 重光复辟 

分 类 号：K87[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]