不同温度胁迫下芒果花粉活性及花粉管长度的差异  

Differences Analysis on Pollen Activity and Pollen Tube Length among Different Mango Varieties under Temperature Stress

作　　者：刘馨语 梁清志 李玄 祁小利 肖昀何 王松标[4] 王明田 LIU Xin-yu;LIANG Qing-zhi;LI Xuan;QI Xiao-li;XIAO Yun-he;WANG Song-biao;WANG Ming-tian(Key Laboratory of Disaster Weather Defense and Climate Resource Utilization in Panzhihua City,Panzhihua 617000,China;Renhe Meteorological Bureau of Panzhihua City,Panzhihua 617000;Guangdong Ocean University,Zhanjiang 524088;South Subtropical Crop Research Institute,China Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Zhanjiang 524091;Water-Saving Agriculture Research in Southern Hilly Area Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu 610066;Sichuan Meteorological Observatory,Chengdu 610072)

机构地区：[1]攀枝花市灾害性天气防御与气候资源化研究重点实验室,攀枝花617000 [2]攀枝花市仁和区气象局,攀枝花617000 [3]广东海洋大学,湛江524088 [4]中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所,湛江524091 [5]南方丘区节水农业研究四川省重点实验室,成都610066 [6]四川省气象台,成都610072

出　　处：《中国农业气象》2025年第2期237-248,共12页Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0303);国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD1002202);攀枝花市灾害性天气防御与气候资源化研究重点实验室开放研究基金项目(PZHQXKJYJXMS202505)。

摘　　要：鉴于全球气候变化导致芒果花期极端天气频发,研究不同温度下芒果花粉的耐受性对芒果新品种引种、育种、花期栽培管理以及选育工作具有重要意义。本文以‘热农1号’‘椰香芒’‘苹果芒’‘金煌’4个芒果品种为研究对象,基于14~36℃的12个温度梯度和3个持续时间梯度试验,采用二次方程和修正双线性模型估算芒果花粉萌发率(Q)、花粉管长度(TL)最大值及花粉萌发率和花粉管长度的基本温度(T_(min)、Topt和T_(max))。利用累计应激反应指数(CSRI),研究温度对芒果花粉萌发特性的影响,确定芒果花粉种类/基因型差异。结果表明:温度和持续时间对花粉活力有明显影响。花粉萌发率和花粉管长度随温度升高而增加,28℃处理下花粉平均萌发率达最大值35%,花粉管平均长度达最大值53.2μm,后随温度升高而下降。不同品种的花粉萌发率和花粉管长度存在显著差异,其中‘热农1号’花粉萌发率和花粉管生长温度范围最广,分别为22~32℃和22~34℃,‘苹果芒’花粉萌发温度适应范围最窄,为22~30℃,‘椰香芒’花粉管适应温度范围最窄,为24~32℃。低温对花粉管生长的抑制作用大于高温对花粉萌发的影响。‘热农1号’对低温和高温胁迫的抗性最强,‘苹果芒’最敏感。Given the frequent occurrence of extreme weather during the mango flowering period due to global climate change,studying the tolerance of mango pollen at different temperatures is of great significance for the introduction,breeding,flowering management,and selection of new mango varieties.This article takes'Renong 1','Dashehari','Apple Mango'and'Jinhuang'as the research objects,and estimated the maximum pollen germination rate(Q),pollen tube length(TL),and the basic temperatures(T_(min),Topt,and T_(max))using quadratic equations and modified bilinear models under conditions of 14−36℃.The cumulative stress response index(CSRI)was used to study the impact of temperature on pollen germination characteristics and to determine the differences among mango pollen types/genotypes.The results showed that temperature and duration significantly affected pollen vitality.Both pollen germination rate and pollen tube length increased with temperature,reaching a maximum value at 28℃(35%,53.2μm),and then decreased with further temperature increase.Significant differences were observed in pollen germination rates and pollen tube lengths among different varieties.Specifically,'Renong 1'had the widest temperature range for pollen germination(22−32℃)and pollen tube growth(22−34℃),while'Apple Mango'had the narrowest pollen germination temperature range(22−30℃).'Dashehari'exhibited the narrowest pollen tube temperature range(24−32℃).The inhibitory effect of low temperature on pollen tube growth was greater than that of high temperature on pollen germination.'Renong 1'exhibited the strongest resistance to both low and high temperature stresses,while'Apple Mango'was the most sensitive.

关 键 词：芒果 花粉萌发 温度胁迫 累计应激反应指数 

分 类 号：S667.7[农业科学—果树学]