2024年秋收作物生长季农业气象条件评价  

Report on Growing Season Agrometeorological Conditions of Autumn Harvest Crops in 2024

作　　者：韩丽娟 宋迎波 赵晓凤 HAN Li-juan;SONG Ying-bo;ZHAO Xiao-feng(National Meteorological Center,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]国家气象中心,北京100081

出　　处：《中国农业气象》2025年第2期275-280,共6页Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划专项项目(2022YFD2300200)。

摘　　要：基于全国2467个气象台站、653个农业气象观测站实时和历史同期观测资料,利用农业气象评价指标、作物气候适宜度评估模型、农田土壤水分格点估算方法、农业气象灾害指数评估方法等,综合评价2024年玉米、一季稻、晚稻、大豆和棉花等主要秋收作物关键生育期的农业气象条件、农业气象灾害对产量的影响。结果表明:2024年作物生长季内大部农区水热充足,农业干旱、阴雨寡照、暴雨洪涝等灾害影响总体偏轻。黑龙江和吉林5月中旬-6月持续低温湿涝,严重影响作物生育进程;河南和辽宁等地7-8月强降雨集中,农田渍涝灾害重,导致玉米、大豆等减产;长江中下游和四川盆地7-9月高温持续时间长,一季稻热害制约产量提高。According to the observed meteorological data in 2024 and the historical data from 2467 meteorological stations and 653 meteorological stations in China,the agrometeorological evaluation index,climate suitability models,grid estimation methods for soil moisture and agrometeorological disaster index model were used to evaluate the agrometeorological effects on yield of major autumn-harvest crops,such as corn,single rice,later rice,soybean and cotton.The results showed that water conditions and thermal conditions were sufficient for the crop growth and development during the growing season.The impact of agricultural drought,continuous rain,sunless,rainstorm and flood disasters during the main growth season was light,while the meteorological conditions were favorable for crop development growth and yield.However,in Heilongjiang and Jilin,there was continuous low temperature and waterlogging from mid-May to June seriously affected the growth process of crops.In Henan and Liaoning,heavy rainfall was concentrated from July to August,and the waterlogging disaster was severe,resulting in reduced corn and soybean yields.In the Yangtze and Sichuan river basins from July to September,high temperature persisted for a long time,and heat damage to single rice plants yields.

关 键 词：秋收作物 气象条件评价 气候适宜度 农田渍涝 

分 类 号：S16[农业科学—农业气象学]