植酸酶微胶囊酶制剂的研发及其植物促生作用研究  

Research of Phytase Microcapsule Enzyme Preparation and Its Plant Growth Promoting Effect

作　　者：张俐敏 刘天一 刘文佳 徐畅 莫继先[1] ZHANG Li-Min;LIU Tian-Yi;LIU Wen-Jia;XU Chang;MO Ji-Xian(College of Life Science and Agriculture and Forestry,Qiqihar University,Qiqihar 161006,China)

机构地区：[1]齐齐哈尔大学生命科学与农林学院,齐齐哈尔161006

出　　处：《农业生物技术学报》2025年第2期427-442,共16页Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology

基　　金：黑龙江省省属高等学校基本科研业务费(135409420);黑龙江省大学生创新创业训练计划(S202310232017)。

摘　　要：土壤中磷元素多以植酸等络合形式存在,难以被植物吸收利用。通过植酸酶降解土壤植酸从而释放磷元素可有效解决这一难题。本研究从土壤中筛选出高产植酸酶菌株,通过响应面优化法对培养基成分和培养条件进行优化。用海藻酸钠(sodium alginate,SA)和CaCl_(2)作为包埋剂和交联剂,将植酸酶制成微胶囊酶制剂,探究其储存稳定性及其对玉米(Zea mays)的促生效果。结果表明,筛选到的1株植酸酶产生菌经16S rRNA鉴定为波纹假单胞菌(Pseudomonas corrugata)。培养基成分和发酵条件优化后的发酵产植酸酶活性高达(435.70±1.87)U/mL,较优化前提高了82.16%。使用3%SA和3%CaCl_(2)制备的微胶囊酶制剂具有成球性好、酶活力高的特点。在储存30 d仍然保留(85.63±1.73)%的酶活力。盆栽实验表明,微胶囊酶制剂使玉米苗干重、株高、根干重、根长和苗鲜重增加了48.59%~304.46%,对玉米具有显著的促生作用。本研究提供了1种植酸酶微胶囊酶制剂的菌种筛选、发酵优化及酶制剂的制备方法,对微胶囊酶制剂在农业生产和新型菌肥的广泛应用具有重要意义。Phosphorus in soil exists in complex forms,such as phytic acid,which is difficult to be absorbed and utilized by plants.This problem can be effectively solved through degrading soil phytic acid by phytase and releasing phosphorus.In this study,high-yielding phytase strains were selected from the soil,and the composition of the fermentation medium and culture conditions were optimized by the Response Surface Methodology.Phytase was prepared into microcapsule enzyme preparation with sodium alginate(SA)and CaCl_(2)as embedding and crosslinking agents,and its storage stability and growth-promoting effect on corn(Zea mays)were investigated.The results showed that a strain of phytase-producing bacteria was identified as Pseudomonas corrugata by 16S rRNA.The optimal medium composition and fermentation conditions were determined through fermentation optimization,and the phytase activity after optimization was(435.70±1.87)U/mL,which was increased by 82.16%compared with that before optimization.The microcapsule enzyme preparation prepared with 3%SA and 3%CaCl_(2)had the characteristics of good pellet formation and high enzyme activity.After 30 d of storage,the enzyme activity of(85.63±1.73)%remained.The experiment showed that microcapsule enzyme preparation significantly promoted corn growth,increasing corn seedling dry weight,plant height,root dry weight,root length and fresh seedling weight by 48.59%~304.46%.This study provided a method of strain screening,fermentation optimization and preparation of microcapsule enzyme preparation,which is of great significance for the extensive application of microcapsule enzyme preparations in agricultural production and new bacterial fertilizers.

关 键 词：植酸酶 微胶囊酶制剂 发酵优化 响应面法 促生作用 

分 类 号：S18[农业科学—农业基础科学]