破冰船冰阻力船体分区特征数值模拟研究  

Numerical simulation of the divisional characteristics of ice resistance on the hull of icebreaker

作　　者：狄少丞 雷建奇 申达 DI Shao-cheng;LEI Jian-qi;SHEN Da(College of Shipbuilding Engineering,Harbin Engineering University,Harbin 150001,China;China Ship Scientific Research Center,Wuxi 214082,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工程大学船舶工程学院,哈尔滨150001 [2]中国船舶科学研究中心,江苏无锡214082

出　　处：《船舶力学》2025年第2期181-188,共8页Journal of Ship Mechanics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大项目(52192690,52192694)。

摘　　要：获取冰阻力在船体的分区特征是破冰船船型优化的基础,目前无论是实船测量还是冰水池模型试验均无法有效获取冰阻力在船体各部位的分区特征。为探究破冰过程中船体各部位承载的冰阻力大小,本文以“雪龙2”破冰船为研究对象,通过构建船-冰作用的离散元数值模型分析破冰过程中船体各部位承载的冰力。首先建立单元随机排布的层冰离散元模型,并针对北极海冰典型强度值标定模型细观参数;随后对使用离散元方法计算的“雪龙2”船体冰阻力值与Lindqvist经验公式计算结果进行比较。在此基础上,通过对船-冰作用过程中的冰力进行分区计算,获得船体各分区的冰力值。计算结果表明:破冰过程中船体冰阻力中破冰阻力占比较大,碎冰滑移产生的摩擦阻力相对较小,船体的冰阻力主要产生于艏部区域,并且艏柱处承受了较大的破冰载荷。本文建立的破冰船冰阻力分区计算方法可为冰区船舶基于破冰能力的船型优化问题提供技术支撑。Obtaining the divisional characteristics of ice resistance on the hull is the basis of hull form optimization for icebreakers.At present,neither the real ship measurement nor the ice tank model test can effectively obtain the divisional characteristics of ice resistances at each part of the hull.In order to explore the ice resistance during the ice-breaking process,the icebreaker"XueLong 2"was taken as the research object in this paper,and the ice force carried by each parts of the hull during the ice-breaking process was analyzed by constructing a discrete element numerical model of the interaction of ship and ice.Firstly,a discrete element model of level ice with random-arranged elements was established,and the microscopic parameters of the model were calibrated according to the typical strength values of Arctic sea ice.Then,the ice resistance of"XueLong 2"calculated based on discrete element method was compared with that based on Lindqvist empirical formula.On this basis,the ice force value of each region of the hull was obtained through calculating zonally the ice force in the interaction process of ship and ice.The calculation results show that the ice breaking resistance accounts for a large proportion among the ice resistance of the hull generated in the ice breaking process,and the friction resistance caused by the slip of crushed ices is relatively small.The ice resistance of the hull is mainly generated in the area of bow,and the stem bears a significant ice-breaking load.The divisional calculation method of ice resistance of icebreaker established in this paper can provide technical support for the hull optimization based on ice-breaking capability.

关 键 词：冰阻力 冰载荷 船体分区 平整冰 离散元方法 

分 类 号：U661.311[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程] U674.21[交通运输工程—船舶与海洋工程]