孔腔流动线谱辐射噪声的数值模拟研究——流动模态、声学模态、声振耦合和流声耦合  

Numerical simulations on the line spectra noise radiated by cavity flows--flow and acoustic modes,acoustic-vibration and flow-sound coupling

作　　者：张鹏[1] 唐科范[1,2] 王斌[1] ZHANG Peng;TANG Ke-fan;WANG Bin(School of Naval Architecture,Ocean&Civil Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China;MOE Key Laboratory of Hydrodynamics,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学船舶海洋与建筑工程学院,上海200240 [2]上海交通大学水动力学教育部重点实验室,上海200240

出　　处：《船舶力学》2025年第2期300-311,共12页Journal of Ship Mechanics

摘　　要：孔腔流动的线谱辐射噪声严重破坏舰艇声隐声性,其形成机理涉及流动模态、声学模态、声振耦合和流声耦合效应。本文基于CFD/CHA混合方法,数值模拟简单方腔和典型孔腔的瞬态流场、等效声源场、声学近场和远场,并通过与水洞实测数据对比验证数值方法适用性。本文归纳了孔腔流动模态和声学模态的特征规律,特别是定量计算了弹性壁面声振耦合效应和典型孔腔声腔复杂性对声学模态频率的影响;总结了远场辐射噪声频谱中,第一阶声学模态效应线谱成为“决定性线谱”的重要规律;分析了实际孔腔的声学模态频率大幅向低频偏移的趋势,从而显示了采取措施避免流声共振的必要性;通过解析求解,定量建立了相关水洞声学实验的截面积比必要条件,对实验模型设计具有重要指导价值。The line spectra noise radiated by cavity flows greatly deteriorates the acoustic stealth of naval ships,whose formation mechanisms are related to the flow and acoustic modal effects,as well as the acoustic vibration and flow-sound coupling effects.In this paper,the transient flow,equivalent sound source and acoustic fields of the simple square and typical cavity flows were numerically simulated,based on the CFD/CHA hybrid approaches.The applicability of the numerical methods was verified by comparison with experimental data of water tunnel test.The characteristics of the flow and acoustic modes of the cavity flows were concluded,particularly the effects of the acoustic-vibration coupling of elastic cavity walls and the complexity of cavity inner shapes upon the acoustic mode frequencies were quantitatively calculated.The important regularity,which the line spectrum induced by the effect of the first acoustic mode is the"decisive line spectrum"in the far-field radiated noise spectrum,is summed up.The tendency of the acoustic mode frequencies to shifting sharply towards lower frequencies under the actual cavity conditions was analyzed,indicating the necessity of avoiding the flow-sound coupling.The necessary condition of the cross-sectional area ratio for the related acoustic experiments in water tunnels was quantitatively established through an analytical solution.The research has an important guiding value for the designs of experimental modals.

关 键 词：孔腔流动辐射噪声 声学模态 声振耦合 流声耦合 CFD/CHA混合方法 线谱控制 

分 类 号：O35[理学—流体力学]