多时间尺度下西北干旱荒漠区风蚀气候侵蚀力及关键驱动因子时空变化研究  

Spatio-temporal Variation of Wind Erosion Climatic Erodibility and Key Driving Factors in Northwest Arid Desert Region under Multi-time Scales

作　　者：姜婧妍 胡琦[1] 楚希雅 张科[1] 王雪姣 王森 郭燕云 JIANG Jingyan;HU Qi;CHU Xiya;ZHANG Ke;WANG Xuejiao;WANG Sen;GUO Yanyun(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Xinjiang Agricultural Meteorological Observatory,Urumqi 830002,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [2]新疆农业气象台,新疆乌鲁木齐830002

出　　处：《沙漠与绿洲气象》2025年第1期13-22,共10页Desert and Oasis Meteorology

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划(2022B02001-1);国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1900504,2022YFD1900302)。

摘　　要：基于中国西北干旱荒漠区122个气象站1961—2020年的逐日地面观测数据,采用气候趋势分析和空间差值方法,从不同的时间尺度分析风蚀气候侵蚀力及关键驱动因子的时空分布和变化特性,并探讨了风速、降水量、参考蒸散量等气象要素如何影响研究区风蚀气候侵蚀力。结果表明:年尺度上,研究区中部的阿拉善盟、哈密市等地区风蚀气候侵蚀力较强,年风蚀气候因子指数C超过50,呈现风速大、降水量低、蒸散量高的气候特征;研究区总体呈现风蚀减弱的趋势,主要由风速降低(32.48%)、蒸散量减小(4.73%)、降水量增加(30.17%)导致。季节尺度上,春季风速大、降水量少、蒸散量高,为风蚀最严重的季节,夏季至冬季风蚀逐步减弱。月尺度上,研究区各月风蚀气候因子指数、风速均呈减小趋势,4月减小趋势最大,气候倾向率分别为-0.5·(10 a)^(-1)和-0.13 m·s^(-1)·(10 a)^(-1)。Based on daily ground observation data from 122 meteorological stations in the arid desert regions of northwest China from 1961 to 2020,this study employed climate trend analysis and spatial interpolation methods to systematically investigate the spatio-temporal distribution and variation characteristics of wind erosion climatic erodibility,as well as its key driving factors across various time scales.Additionally,the study examined the influence of meteorological factors,including wind speed,precipitation,and reference evapotranspiration,on wind erosion climatic erodibility in the study area.The results indicated that,on an annual scale,regions such as Alashan League and Hami City in the central part of the study area exhibited strong wind erosion climatic erodibility,with the annual wind erosion climatic factor index(C)exceeding 50.These regions were characterized by high wind speeds,low precipitation,and high evapotranspiration.Overall,the study area showed a trend of weakening wind erosion,primarily due to decreases in wind speed(32.48%)and evapotranspiration(4.73%),as well as increases in precipitation(30.17%).On a seasonal scale,spring was the most severe season for wind erosion,due to high wind speeds,low precipitation,and high evapotranspiration.Wind erosion gradually weakened from summer to winter.At the monthly scale,both the wind erosion climatic factor index and wind speed exhibited decreasing trends across all months in the study area,with the most significant decline occurring in April,at a climatic tendency rate of-0.5·(10 a)^(-1) and-0.13 m·s^(-1) ·(10 a)^(-1),respectively.

关 键 词：西北干旱荒漠区 风蚀气候因子指数 风速 参考作物蒸散量 降水量 

分 类 号：P425.6[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]