2023年新疆夏季极端高温干旱特征  

Characteristics of the Extreme High Temperature and Drought in Summer 2023 in Xinjiang

作　　者：玛依拉·买买提艾力 吴秀兰[1] 阿布力米提·塔西 程贺前 Mayila Maimaitiaili;WU Xiulan;Abulimiti Taxi;CHENG Heqian(Xinjiang Climate Center,Urumqi 830002,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆维吾尔自治区气候中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830002

出　　处：《沙漠与绿洲气象》2025年第1期32-39,共8页Desert and Oasis Meteorology

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2022D01B181);新疆气象局科技创新发展基金项目(21909007)。

摘　　要：利用1961—2023年新疆夏季99个国家气象观测站逐日气温、降水资料以及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,对2023年新疆夏季极端高温干旱特征进行分析,并对其成因进行探讨。结果表明:2023年新疆夏季平均气温、高温日数突破历史极值,年累计区域性高温过程综合强度为历史最强。2023年夏季降水为历史同期第一少,持续高温少雨导致北疆出现大范围中等强度以上气象干旱。500hPa上伊朗高压和西太平洋副热带高压形成高压带,新疆由正距平控制,100hPa上新疆持续由南亚高压主体控制,以上配置致使新疆夏季对流层高层到中层盛行下沉气流,天气晴好,高温日数增多,地表蒸发增加,从而引发干旱的发展和加剧。Based on daily air temperature and precipitation data from 99 national meteorological observation stations in Xinjiang during the summer of 1961-2023,along with NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data,this study analyzed the characteristics of extreme high temperatures and drought in Xinjiang during the summer of 2023,and discussed the potential causes.The results showed that the average temperature and number of high-temperature days in the summer of 2023 broke historical records,with the cumulative intensity of regional high-temperature events being the strongest on record.Precipitation during the summer of 2023 was the lowest for the same period in history,and the persistent high temperatures and low rainfall led to widespread meteorological drought of moderate or greater intensity across northern Xinjiang.At 500 hPa,the Iranian High and the West Pacific Subtropical High formed a high-pressure belt,with Xinjiang being influenced by positive anomalies.At 100 hPa,Xinjiang remained under the influence of the South Asian High.This atmospheric configuration resulted in a prevalence of sinking airflow in the high and middle levels of the troposphere,leading to clear skies,an increase in high-temperature days,and enhanced surface evaporation,all of which contributed to the development and intensification of drought.

关 键 词：极端高温 气象干旱 夏季 新疆 环流成因 

分 类 号：P423.3[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]