2008—2022年四川省强降雨的时空特征  

Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Heavy Rainfall in Sichuan Province from 2008 to 2022

作　　者：周秋雪[1] 龙柯吉[1] 王皓 冯良敏[1] 徐琳娜 ZHOU Qiuxue;LONG Keji;WANG Hao;FENG Liangmin;XU Linna(Sichuan Meteorological Observatory,Chengdu 610072,China;China Meteorological Administration Radar Meteorology Key Laboratory,Nanjing 210000,China;College of Electronic Engineering,Chengdu University of Information Technology,Chengdu 610225,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省气象台,四川成都610072 [2]中国气象局雷达气象重点开放实验室,江苏南京210000 [3]成都信息工程大学电子工程学院,四川成都610225

出　　处：《沙漠与绿洲气象》2025年第1期174-181,共8页Desert and Oasis Meteorology

基　　金：四川省科技厅自然科学基金面上项目(2023NSFSC0244);四川省中央引导地方科技发展专项(2023ZYD0147);四川省重点实验室项目(SCQXKJYJXMS202312)。

摘　　要：基于2008—2022年四川省1008个气象站逐小时雨量资料和高精度地形数据,分析四川省强降雨和极端降水时空特征,结果表明:强降雨日较强降雨量增长更显著,且四川省不同地区的变化趋势有明显差异。近15年强降雨和极端降水均以川西高原增长最显著,盆地西南部次之,四川省强降雨量和强降雨日增长主要由盆地西南部贡献,其次是盆地东北部。盆地西南部夜雨特征明显,夜雨量主要由较小量级降雨贡献。盆地东北部夜雨特征最不显著,夜雨量主要由强降雨贡献。强降雨多发生在四川盆地周边沿山地区,且随着强降雨量或强降雨日数增加,站点逐渐向山脉迎风坡集中,持续性的大雨、暴雨和极端降水多发生于此处。降雨强度峰值中心位于盆地东北部大巴山南侧边缘,盆地西南部虽然有四川省年雨量峰值中心,但多为较小量级雨日贡献。受地形和对流层低层偏南风急流共同影响,最大日雨量≥250mm/d站点主要集中在30°N以北的山区迎风坡。Based on hourly rainfall data and high-precision terrain data from 1008 stations in Sichuan Province(2008-2022),this study analyzes the trends in heavy rainfall and extreme precipitation.The findings show a significant increase in both types of precipitation over the past 15 years.Notably,the increase in heavy rainfall days has been more prominent than that of extreme precipitation days,and the trends vary significantly across different regions.The main findings are as follows:(1)The western Sichuan Plateau has experienced the most significant increase in heavy rainfall and extreme precipitation,followed by the southwest of the basin.The southwest and northeast of the basin are primarily responsible for the increase in both heavy rainfall and the number of heavy rainfall days in Sichuan Province.(2)In the southwest of the basin,night rain is particularly prevalent,mainly attributed to light rainfall.In contrast,the northeast of the basin experiences the least significant night rain,which is primarily driven by heavy rainfall events.(3)Heavy rainfall is most common in the mountainous regions surrounding the basin.As the number of heavy rainfall days increases,the stations tend to cluster on the windward slopes of the mountains,where continuous heavy rain,rainstorms,and extreme precipitation events are also more frequent.(4)The peak center of rainfall intensity is located at the southern edge of Daba Mountain in the northeastern part of the basin.While large annual rainfall centers are found in the southwest of the basin,most of them contribute to days of light rainfall.(5)Due to the terrain and southerly wind jets in the lower troposphere,stations with daily rainfall exceeding 250 mm are mainly concentrated on the windward slopes of mountains north of 30°N.

关 键 词：四川 夜雨 强降雨 极端降水 地形 

分 类 号：P426.6[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]