S波段和X波段雷达定量降水估计在台风“格美”影响浙江期间的评估分析  

Evaluation and analysis of quantitative precipitation estimation using S-band and X-band radars during Typhoon Gaemi affecting Zhejiang

作　　者：赵军平 张智察 周方毅 冯晓伟 李闰秋 刘佳利 ZHAO Junping;ZHANG Zhicha;ZHOU Fangyi;FENG Xiaowei;LI Runqiu;LIU Jiali(Zhejiang Meteorological Observatory,Hangzhou 310017,China;Zhejiang Whole Sense Radar Co.,Ltd.,Shaoxing 312035,China;East China Phased Array Weather Radar Application Joint Laboratory,Shanghai 200030,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省气象台,浙江杭州310017 [2]浙江华盛雷达股份有限公司,浙江绍兴312035 [3]华东区域相控阵天气雷达应用联合实验室,上海200030

出　　处：《海洋气象学报》2025年第1期12-22,共11页Journal of Marine Meteorology

基　　金：浙江省气象局重点项目(2023ZDZL01);中国气象局气象能力提升联合研究专项重点项目(3NLTSZ007)。

摘　　要：利用ERA5数据、S波段双偏振多普勒天气雷达、X波段双偏振相控阵天气雷达和加密自动气象站等资料,对2024年台风“格美”引发的浙江强降水成因进行分析。结果表明:(1)“格美”影响期间,浙江东南沿海暴雨集中,累计降雨量大,温州南部出现特大暴雨。(2)西南季风和副热带高压西侧的东南急流为“格美”提供了充足的水汽和能量,山脉地形对降水的增幅作用显著。(3)S波段双偏振雷达探测距离远,强回波区域数据可信度较高。X波段相控阵雷达时空分辨率较高,能有效捕捉降水过程中低仰角双偏振参数特征,有效提升低层盲区观测能力。X波段的双偏振参数整体数值相对较高,但在强回波之后表现出一定的衰减现象。(4)X波段雷达组网、S波段雷达的定量降水估计(quantitative precipitation estimation,QPE)产品均对强降水的表征能力较好,但强降水样本数偏少可能导致QPE评估指标出现较大波动。X波段在局地强降水捕捉方面具备高分辨率优势,S波段雷达能探测更大范围降水,但对于40 mm·h^(-1)以上的强降水估计能力偏弱。(5)X波段雷达组网的QPE对降水落区和强度估计相对较好,不同雨强的命中率均高于S波段雷达。7月26日02—05时,台州强降水命中率平均为88%,较S波段提升63%;但空报率和偏差也偏大。The causes of the heavy rainfall in Zhejiang induced by Typhoon Gaemi in 2024 are analyzed using ERA5 data,S-band dual-polarization Doppler weather radar data,X-band dual-polarization phased array weather radar data and observations of dense automatic weather stations.The results are listed as follows.(1)During the influence of Typhoon Gaemi,torrential rain is concentrated along the southeastern coast of Zhejiang with significant accumulated rainfall,and extreme rainstorms are recorded in southern Wenzhou.(2)Abundant moisture and energy are provided to Typhoon Gaemi by the southwest monsoon and the southeast jet on the western flank of the subtropical high,and the mountainous terrain significantly enhances the precipitation.(3)The S-band dual-polarization radar is distinguished by its long detection range and high data reliability in regions of strong echoes.In contrast,the X-band phased array radar with superior spatiotemporal resolution,can effectively capture the characteristics of low-elevation dual-polarization parameters during precipitation events,significantly enhancing observing capabilities in low-level blind zones.Additionally,the X-band radar’s dual-polarization parameters are higher overall,but exhibit a certain attenuation phenomenon after strong echoes.(4)The quantitative precipitation estimation(QPE)products derived from both the X-band radar network and the S-band radar are characterized by strong capabilities in representing heavy precipitation.However,the relatively limited number of heavy precipitation samples may result in significant fluctuations in the QPE evaluation metrics.The X-band radar has the advantage of high resolution in capturing localized intense rainfall,whereas the S-band radar can detect the precipitation over a broader area.Nonetheless,the ability to estimate the heavy precipitation exceeding 40 mm·h^(-1)is relatively weaker for the S-band radar.(5)The precipitation locations and intensities are well estimated by the QPE from the X-band radar network,and the probabilities

关 键 词：台风“格美” X波段双偏振相控阵天气雷达 S波段双偏振多普勒天气雷达 定量降水估计 

分 类 号：P412.25[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P458.124