民初“子母相生”土地习惯与国家法制调整  

The Land Customs of"Zi Mu Xiang Sheng"in the Early Republic of China and the Adjustment of National Legal System

作　　者：李浩 LI Hao(Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450000,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学法学院,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《哈尔滨师范大学社会科学学报》2025年第1期70-77,共8页Journal of Social Science of Harbin Normal University

摘　　要：民初北京政府对“子母相生”土地习惯的国家法制调整,以样本方式呈现了近代官方改造本土地权习惯的法制样貌。彼时,争沙纠纷、围水造田、地籍混乱等沿岸地权争议频频牵涉到“子母相生”土地习惯。为此,北京政府通过专设法条、下行公文、个案裁断等法制措施对其展开调整。分析成因可知,北京政府的调整动力源于政府财政对新生淤地的利益诉求,调整目的是为了厘定沿岸土地产权的公私边界,调整手段则立足于政府设定的法制体系框架。经过国家法制调整,“子母相生”土地习惯依托地方制度获得了区域性法效力,习俗产权“沙骨权”被转化为法定优先报垦权,民间习俗与国家律法在地方官署的协调下趋于平衡。In the early Republic of China,the Beijing government made a national legal adjustment to the land customs of"Zi Mu Xiang Sheng",presenting the legal appearance of the modern official transformation of local land rights customs in a sample manner.At that time,disputes over land rights along the coast,such as sand disputes,water reclamation,and confusion over land registration,frequently involved the land custom of"Zi Mu Xiang Sheng".To this end,the Beijing government has adjusted it through legal measures such as special regulations,official documents,and case judgments.By analyzing the causes,it can be concluded that the Beijing government's adjustment was driven by the government's financial demands for the interests of newly formed silted land.The purpose of the adjustment was to determine the public-private boundary of land ownership along the coast,and the adjustment methods were based on the legal system framework set by the government.After the adjustment of the national legal system,the land custom of"Zi Mu Xiang Sheng"has gained regional legal effect based on local systems,and the customary property right"sand bone right"has been transformed into a statutory priority right for reclamation.Folk customs and national laws tend to be balanced under the coordination of local government agencies.

关 键 词：“子母相生” 土地习惯 优先权 国家法制调整 

分 类 号：K258[历史地理—历史学] D929[历史地理—中国史]