脑损伤后意识障碍患者呼吸功能的评测方法  

Methods for assessing respiratory function in patients with impaired consciousness after brain injury

作　　者：谢紫慧 王文丽[1] XIE Zihui;WANG Wenli(Department of Rehabilitation Medicine,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University,Kunming 650101,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明医科大学第二附属医院康复医学部,650101

出　　处：《中国老年保健医学》2024年第6期104-107,共4页Chinese Journal of Geriatric Care

基　　金：昆明医科大学第二附属医院院内临床研究项目(编号:ynIIT2023002)。

摘　　要：颅脑损伤已成为全世界死亡和残疾的主要原因,肺部疾病是此类患者发病和死亡的重要原因之一。脑外伤可能导致呼吸节律紊乱、呼吸肌的力度和稳定性下降,也可引起呼吸道梗阻、咳嗽反射减弱或消失,进而增加了肺部感染等并发症的发生率,都直接或间接影响患者的康复进程。本文对脑损伤后意识障碍患者呼吸功能评估方法进行总结,系统阐述脑外伤患者呼吸功能评估方法,如一般评估、肺功能评估、呼吸肌功能评估、功能性呼吸评估和影像学评估等评估方法的特点、方法和优缺点。目的是为脑外伤后意识障碍患者提供综合系统的评估呼吸功能的方法,为患者制订更优化、更高效、个体化的康复治疗计划提供参考。本文表明简单、实用且有效的评估方法,如一般评估、血气分析、膈肌超声、影像学评估等,对于临床医生来说更重要,有助于他们更好地管理脑外伤后意识障碍患者的呼吸功能。开发新的、无创的呼吸功能评估方法,探索新的神经生理评估方法和建立综合的呼吸功能评估体系,以适应不同患者的临床需求,将是下一步重点研究和改进的方向。Craniocerebral injury has become the leading cause of death and disability worldwide,and lung disease is one of the important reasons for the onset and death of such patients.Brain trauma may lead to respiratory rhythm disorders,decreased strength and stability of respiratory muscles,as well as respiratory obstruction,weakened or absent cough reflex,thereby increasing the inci-dence of complications such as lung infections,which directly or indirectly affect the patient's recovery process.This article summari-zes the methods for assessing respiratory function in patients with consciousness disorders after brain injury,systematically elaborating on the characteristics,methods,advantages,and disadvantages of respiratory function assessment methods for patients with brain inju-ry,such as general assessment,pulmonary function assessment,respiratory muscle function assessment,functional respiratory assess-ment,and imaging assessment.The purpose is to provide a comprehensive and systematic method for assessing respiratory function in patients with consciousness disorders after traumatic brain injury,and to provide reference for developing more optimized,efficient,and personalized rehabilitation treatment plans for such patients.This article demonstrates that simple,practical,and effective evalua-tion methods,such as general assessment,blood gas analysis,diaphragmatic ultrasound,imaging assessment,etc.,are particularly im-portant for clinical doctors to better manage the respiratory function of patients with consciousness disorders after traumatic brain inju-ry.Developing new non-invasive respiratory function assessment methods,exploring new neurophysiological assessment methods,and establishing a comprehensive respiratory function assessment system to meet the clinical needs of different patients will be our next focus of research and improvement.

关 键 词：颅脑损伤 意识障碍 呼吸功能 评估方法 

分 类 号：R47[医药卫生—护理学]