河湟多民族地区庄廓民居建构思维与空间观念探微  

Constructive Thinking and Spatial Concepts of Zhuangkuo Dwellings in the Hehuang Multiethnic Region,Southeastern Qinghai Province

作　　者：李冬雪[1] 李军环[1] 靳亦冰[1,2] 张超 Li Dongxue;Li Junhuan;Jin Yibing;Zhang Chao(the College of Architecture,Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi’an 710055;Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Plateau Green Building and Eco-community,Xining 810008;Qinghai Provincial Centre for Preservation and Utilisation of Urban and Rural Architectural Culture,Xining 810000)

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学建筑学院,西安710055 [2]青海省高原绿色建筑与生态社区重点实验室,西宁810008 [3]青海省城乡建筑文化保护利用中心,西宁810000

出　　处：《建筑遗产》2024年第3期1-12,共12页Heritage Architecture

基　　金：国家社会科学基金(22BMZ031);教育部人文社会科学基金(24XJA760003)

摘　　要：河湟地区是中国西北典型的多民族聚居地,居住在这里的各民族普遍采用高墙平顶的内向型庄廓民居为主要住居形式。文章在归纳庄廓民居基本特征的基础上,深入分析各民族庄廓民居的结构形式与空间形态,发现语缘主导了各民族庄廓民居结构类型的选择。抬梁平屋式和抬梁密肋式是脱胎于两种迥异建造传统的结构类型,虽然在形式上存在差异,但由于该地区族群长期互动和工匠广泛作业,建构思维呈现出逐渐趋同的态势。各民族庄廓民居空间形态的差异反映了不同民族的文化偏好,但融生型民族与原生型民族之间持久的日常交往与精神交流也使不同民族民居的空间观念产生诸多关联。文章试图阐明河湟多民族地区的住居文化特质,以利于更好地保护与传承地域民族文化精粹。This article focuses on the zhuangkuo dwellings in the Hehuang region(river valleys in southeastern Qinghai Province).Zhuangkuo,literally village and wall,is a typical multi-ethnic region in Northwest China where various ethnic groups mainly reside in these vernacular inward-facing courtyard houses with high walls and flat roofs.By summarising the essential characteristics of zhuangkuo dwellings,this article explores their structural systems and spatial forms across different ethnic groups.It reveals that linguistic connections dominate ethnic groups’selection of structural types for zhuangkuo dwellings,with two major types,tailiang(post-and-beam)with flat roofs and tailiang with dense rib beams,emerging from distinct construction traditions.However,the constructive thinking behind these structural types has gradually converged over time due to long-term interactions between ethnic groups and the broad working area of craftsmen.This article further explains that although the spatial forms of zhuangkuo dwellings among various ethnic groups reflect their distinct cultural preferences,the persistent daily communications and spiritual exchanges between integrated and indigenous ethnic groups have led to many correlations in the spatial concepts of different ethnicdwellings. The article aims to clarify the characteristicsof dwelling culture in the Hehuang multi-ethnicregion and contribute to the conservation and inheritanceof regional ethnic cultural heritage.

关 键 词：庄廓民居 多民族 建构思维 空间观念 河湟地区 

分 类 号：TU-241.5[建筑科学] TU-092.8